Améliorer l'alimentation = moins de dépressions récurrentes

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Associations between long-term adherence to healthy diet and recurrent depressive symptoms in Whitehall II Study
Daisy Recchia, European Journal of Nutrition volume 59, pages1031–1041(2020)

Purpose
We examined whether long-term adherence to three diet quality scores—the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and transformed-Mediterranean Diet Score (tMDS), Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is associated with the risk of recurrent depressive symptoms.

Methods
Analyses were conducted on a sample of 4949 men and women from the Whitehall II study. Diet scores were calculated using data collected from food frequency questionnaires repeated over 11 years of exposure (1991/1993–2002/2004). Recurrence of depressive symptoms was defined when participants reported at least two episodes of depressive symptoms (assessed by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and use of antidepressants) over the four phases of follow-up (2002/04–2015/16).

Results
After adjustment for potential cofounders, higher scores on AHEI-2010, DASH and tMDS at the end of the exposure period were associated with lower risk of recurrent depressive symptoms over the 13-year follow-up. Repeat measures of dietary history showed that participants who maintained a high AHEI-2010 score over the 11-year exposure period had a 19% (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.65–1.00) lower odds of recurrent depressive symptoms compared to those who maintained a low AHEI score. Participants whose AHEI-2010 score decreased over time had a 1.34-fold increased odds (95% CI 1.02–1.75) of developing recurrent depressive symptoms compared to those maintaining a high AHEI-2010. No robust associations were observed for long-term tMDS and DASH.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that long-term adherence to healthy diet defined by Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 confers protection against recurrent depressive symptoms.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Ultra-processed food consumption and the incidence of depression in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN Project
Clara Gómez-Donoso, European Journal of Nutrition volume 59, pages1093–1103(2020)

Purpose
A growing body of evidence shows that consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases, which, in turn, have been linked to depression. This suggests that UPF might also be associated with depression, which is among the global leading causes of disability and disease. We prospectively evaluated the relationship between UPF consumption and the risk of depression in a Mediterranean cohort.

Methods
We included 14,907 Spanish university graduates [mean (SD) age: 36.7 year (11.7)] initially free of depression who were followed up for a median of 10.3 years. Consumption of UPF (industrial formulations made mostly or entirely from substances derived from foods and additives, with little, if any, intact food), as defined by the NOVA food classification system, was assessed at baseline through a validated semi-quantitative 136-item food-frequency questionnaire. Participants were classified as incident cases of depression if they reported a medical diagnosis of depression or the habitual use of antidepressant medication in at least one of the follow-up assessments conducted after the first 2 years of follow-up. Cox regression models were used to assess the relationship between UPF consumption and depression incidence.

Results
A total of 774 incident cases of depression were identified during follow-up. Participants in the highest quartile of UPF consumption had a higher risk of developing depression [HR (95% CI) 1.33 (1.07–1.64); p trend = 0.004] than those in the lowest quartile after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusions
In a prospective cohort of Spanish university graduates, we found a positive association between UPF consumption and the risk of depression that was strongest among participants with low levels of physical activity.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Consommation d'aliments ultra transformés et incidence de la dépression dans une cohorte méditerranéenne: le projet SUN
Clara Gómez-Donoso, European Journal of Nutrition volume 59, pages1093–1103 (2020)

Objectif
Un nombre croissant de preuves montre que la consommation d'aliments ultra-transformés (UPF) est associée à un risque plus élevé de maladies cardiométaboliques, qui, à leur tour, ont été liées à la dépression. Cela suggère que l'UPF pourrait également être associée à la dépression, qui figure parmi les principales causes mondiales d'incapacité et de maladie. Nous avons évalué de manière prospective la relation entre la consommation UPF et le risque de dépression dans une cohorte méditerranéenne.

Les méthodes
Nous avons inclus 14 907 diplômés universitaires espagnols [âge moyen (ET): 36,7 ans (11,7)] initialement sans dépression qui ont été suivis pendant une médiane de 10,3 ans. La consommation d'UPF (formulations industrielles fabriquées principalement ou entièrement à partir de substances dérivées d'aliments et d'additifs, avec peu ou pas d'aliments intacts), telle que définie par le système de classification des aliments NOVA, a été évaluée au départ par le biais d'une évaluation semi-quantitative validée de 136 éléments. questionnaire sur la fréquence des aliments. Les participants ont été classés comme cas incidents de dépression s'ils ont signalé un diagnostic médical de dépression ou l'utilisation habituelle d'antidépresseurs dans au moins une des évaluations de suivi effectuées après les 2 premières années de suivi. Des modèles de régression de Cox ont été utilisés pour évaluer la relation entre la consommation UPF et l'incidence de la dépression.

Résultats
Au total, 774 cas incidents de dépression ont été identifiés au cours du suivi. Les participants du quartile le plus élevé de la consommation d'UPF avaient un risque plus élevé de développer une dépression [HR (IC à 95%) 1,33 (1,07–1,64); tendance p = 0,004] que celles du quartile inférieur après ajustement pour les facteurs de confusion potentiels.

Conclusions
Dans une cohorte prospective de diplômés universitaires espagnols, nous avons trouvé une association positive entre la consommation UPF et le risque de dépression qui était le plus fort chez les participants ayant de faibles niveaux d'activité physique.