Dietary calcium regulates the insulin sensitivity by altering the adipokine secretion in high fat diet induced obese rats
Sandeep Das Life Sciences Volume 250, 1 June 2020, 117560
Highlights
• Calcium enriched diet prevented obesity induced adipocyte dysfunction by restoring the adipokine secretion.
• Prevention of adipocyte dysfunction improved blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and glucose tolerance in calcium enriched group.
• This improvement is mediated through the activation of hepatic and muscle insulin signalling pathway.
• However, calcium deficient diet failed to improve the insulin sensitivity by preventing adipocyte dysfunction.
Aims
Dietary calcium a common nutrient of our daily diet found to have an anti-obesity effect which may also regulate insulin sensitivity but this effect and the exact mechanism remains unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to study the effect of different types of calcium diet on insulin sensitivity with respect to the changes in the adipokine secretions in high fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats.
Main methods
Healthy male rats were subjected to HFD for 12 weeks to induce obesity and further exposed to a calcium deficient (0.25% Ca) HFD and calcium enriched (1.0% Ca) HFD for another 12 weeks. Thereafter, all rats were sacrificed to collect the blood, liver, adipose tissue and muscle for downstream analysis.
Key findings
Calcium enriched HFD (1.0% Ca) significantly reduced (p < 0.01) body weight, adiposity index, glucose level, insulin level, HOMA-IR, adipokines (TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, Leptin), hepatic lipid accumulation, hepatic macrophage infiltration, adipocyte hypertrophy and significantly increased (p < 0.01) the adiponectin level, in HFD induced obese rats. The down-regulation of the adipokine secretion significantly increased (p < 0.01) the hepatic and muscle glycogen synthase activity and suppressed the hepatic gluconeogenesis activity via activating the insulin receptor-mediated PI3K/AKT/GLUT insulin signaling pathway thereby improving the insulin sensitivity. On the other hand calcium deficient HFD (0.25% Ca) accelerated the risk of insulin resistance (IR) due to its inability to improve insulin sensitivity by activating the associated pathways.
Significance
Calcium enriched HFD (1.0% Ca) reduced the risk of IR by improving the hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity by restoring adipokine secretion.