Le cardio pour la santé du cerveau?

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Serum Biomarkers of Neuroplasticity and Brain Repair in Stroke: A Systematic Review
Neeraj S. Limaye, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation May 14, 2021 May 13, 2021

Objective
To provide a novel overview of the literature and to summarise the evidence for the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) on serum biomarkers neuroplasticity and brain repair in stroke survivors.
Data Source
We conducted a systematic review and searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL using terms related to AE, neuroplasticity, brain repair, and stroke.
Study Selection
Titles, abstracts, and selected full texts were screened by two independent reviewers against the following inclusion criteria: studies including adult stroke survivors, completing an AE intervention working within the AE capacity, with at least one blood biomarker outcome of interest measured.
Data Extraction
Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias using Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies – of Interventions (ROBINS-I) and Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tools.
Data Synthesis
Nine studies (n=215 participants) were included, reporting on the following outcomes: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cortisol, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). A single bout of high-intensity interval training significantly increased BDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF levels, and a 40-45-minute, 24-session, continuous eight-week AE training program significantly increased BDNF levels. No significant difference in response to any other AE intervention was found in other serum biomarkers.
Conclusion
AE can significantly increase BDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF across different AE protocols in stroke survivors. However, more research is needed to determine the optimal exercise intensity and modalities, specifically in acute and subacute stroke survivors, and how this may relate to functional outcomes.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Acute exercise and cognition: A review with testable questions for future research into cognitive enhancement with blood flow restriction
Yujiro Yamada Medical Hypotheses Volume 151, June 2021, 110586


Highlights
• Some but not all cognitive functions can be improved following acute exercise.
• Exercise in combination with blood flow restriction has well documented effects on skeletal muscle, however, less is known on changes in cognitive function.
• We provide rationale how blood flow restricted exercise could improve cognition and propose testable research questions.

Blood flow restriction, in combination with low load/intensity exercise, has consistently been shown to increase both muscle size and strength. In contrast, the effects of blood flow restricted exercise on cognition have not been well studied. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is 1) to review the currently available literature investigating the impact of blood flow restricted exercise on cognition and 2) to provide some hypotheses for how blood flow restriction might provide an additive stimulus for augmenting specific cognitive domains above exercise alone.

Given the lack of research in this area, the effects of blood flow restricted exercise on cognition are still unclear. We hypothesize that blood flow restricted exercise could potentially enhance several cognitive domains (such as attention, executive functioning, and memory) through increases in lactate production, catecholamine concentration, and PGC-1α expression. We review work that suggests that blood flow restriction is not only a beneficial strategy to improve musculoskeletal function but could also be a favorable method for enhancing multiple domains of cognition. Nonetheless, it must be emphasized this is a hypothesis that currently has only minimal experimental support, and further investigations in the future are necessary to test the hypothesis.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Exercice et cognition aigus: une revue avec des questions testables pour de futures recherches sur l'amélioration cognitive avec restriction du flux sanguin
Yujiro Yamada Medical Hypotheses Volume 151, juin 2021, 110586


Points forts
• Certaines fonctions cognitives, mais pas toutes, peuvent être améliorées après un exercice intensif.
• L'exercice combiné à une restriction du flux sanguin a des effets bien documentés sur le muscle squelettique, mais on en sait moins sur les changements de la fonction cognitive.
• Nous expliquons comment l'exercice de restriction du flux sanguin pourrait améliorer la cognition et proposons des questions de recherche testables.

Il a été démontré que la restriction du débit sanguin, associée à des exercices à faible charge / intensité, augmentait à la fois la taille et la force des muscles. En revanche, les effets de l'exercice de restriction du flux sanguin sur la cognition n'ont pas été bien étudiés. Par conséquent, le but de cet article est 1) de passer en revue la littérature actuellement disponible sur l'impact de l'exercice de restriction du flux sanguin sur la cognition et 2) de fournir des hypothèses sur la façon dont la restriction du flux sanguin pourrait fournir un stimulus additif pour augmenter des domaines cognitifs spécifiques au-dessus de l'exercice. seule.

Compte tenu du manque de recherche dans ce domaine, les effets de l'exercice de restriction du flux sanguin sur la cognition ne sont toujours pas clairs. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que l'exercice restreint du flux sanguin pourrait potentiellement améliorer plusieurs domaines cognitifs (tels que l'attention, le fonctionnement exécutif et la mémoire) grâce à une augmentation de la production de lactate, de la concentration de catécholamines et de l'expression de PGC-1α. Nous passons en revue les travaux qui suggèrent que la restriction du flux sanguin n'est pas seulement une stratégie bénéfique pour améliorer la fonction musculo-squelettique, mais pourrait également être une méthode favorable pour améliorer plusieurs domaines de la cognition. Néanmoins, il faut souligner qu'il s'agit d'une hypothèse qui n'a actuellement qu'un support expérimental minimal, et des investigations supplémentaires à l'avenir sont nécessaires pour tester l'hypothèse.