La consommation de potassium reste trop faible pour la santé

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Trend in potassium intake and Na/K ratio in the Italian adult population between the 2008 and 2018 CUORE project surveys
Chiara Donfrancesco Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases: March 2021 (Volume 31, Issue 3)

- Italian adult potassium intake remains lower than the WHO recommended level.
- Potassium intake was low independently of gender, age, BMI and educational level.
- Potassium intake was higher in men and in those with overweight and obesity.
- The sodium to potassium ratio decreased over 10 years in both men and women.

Background and aims
Low potassium intake, in addition to high sodium, has been associated with higher risk of hypertension and CVD. The Study assessed habitual potassium intake and sodium/potassium ratio of the Italian adult population from 2008 to 2012 to 2018–2019 based on 24-h urine collection, in the framework of the CUORE Project/MINISAL-GIRCSI/MENO SALE PIU’ SALUTE national surveys.
Methods and results
Data were from cross-sectional surveys of randomly selected age-and-sex stratified samples of resident persons aged 35–74 years in 10 (out of 20) Italian regions. Urinary electrolyte and creatinine measurements were performed in a central laboratory. Analyses considered 942 men and 916 women, examined in 2008–2012, and 967 men and 1010 women, examined in 2018–2019.
In 2008–2012, the age-standardized mean of potassium intake (urinary potassium accounts for 70% of potassium intake) was 3147 mg (95% CI 3086–3208) in men and 2784 mg (2727–2841) in women, whereas in 2018–2019, it was 3043 mg (2968–3118) and 2561 mg (2508–2614) respectively. In 2008–2012, age-adjusted prevalence of persons with an adequate potassium intake (i.e. ≥ 3510 mg/day) was 31% (95% CI 28–34%) for men and 18% (16–21%) for women; in 2018–2019, it was 26% (23–29%) and 12% (10–14%) respectively. The sodium/potassium ratio significantly decreased both in men and women.
Conclusions
The average daily potassium intake of the Italian general adult population remains lower than the WHO and EFSA recommended level. These results suggest the need of a revision to strengthen initiatives for the promotion of an adequate potassium intake at the population level.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Trend of salt intake measured by 24-h urine collection in the Italian adult population between the 2008 and 2018 CUORE project surveys
Chiara Donfrancesco Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases: March 2021 (Volume 31, Issue 3)

Highlights
• In Italian adults a significant reduction in salt intake has occurred over 10 years.
• This reduction was independent of gender, age, BMI category and educational levels.
• The salt intake in Italy remains definitely higher than recommended by WHO.
• Salt intake remains higher in men, in overweight/obese and less education persons.

Background and aims
The WHO Global Action Plan for the Prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) recommends a 30% relative reduction in mean population salt/sodium intake. The study assessed the trend in the habitual salt intake of the Italian adult population from 2008 to 2012 to 2018–2019 based on 24-h urinary sodium excretion, in the framework of the CUORE Project/MINISAL-GIRCSI/MENO SALE PIU’ SALUTE national surveys.
Methods and results
Data were from cross-sectional surveys of randomly selected age and sex–stratified samples of resident persons aged 35–74 years in 10 (out of 20) Italian Regions distributed in North, Centre and South of the Country. Urinary sodium and creatinine measurements were carried out in a central laboratory. The analyses included 942 men and 916 women examined in 2008–2012, and 967 men and 1010 women examined in 2018–2019. The age-standardized mean daily population salt (sodium chloride) intake was 10.8 g (95% CI 10.5–11.1) in men and 8.3 g (8.1–8.5) in women in 2008–2012 and respectively 9.5 g (9.3–9. and 7.2 g (7.0–7.4) in 2018–2019. A statistically significant (p<0.0001) salt intake reduction was thus observed over 10 years for both genders, and all age, body mass index (BMI) and educational classes.
Conclusions
The average daily salt intake of the Italian general adult population remains higher than the WHO recommended level, but a significant reduction of 12% in men and 13% in women has occurred in the past ten years. These results encourage the initiatives undertaken by the Italian Ministry of Health aimed at the reduction of salt intake at the population level.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Tendance de la consommation de sel mesurée par la collecte d'urine sur 24 h dans la population adulte italienne entre les enquêtes du projet CUORE de 2008 et 2018
Chiara Donfrancesco Nutrition, métabolisme et maladies cardiovasculaires: mars 2021 (volume 31, numéro 3)

Points forts
• Chez les adultes italiens, une réduction significative de la consommation de sel s'est produite sur 10 ans.
• Cette réduction était indépendante du sexe, de l'âge, de la catégorie d'IMC et du niveau de scolarité.
• La consommation de sel en Italie reste nettement supérieure à celle recommandée par l'OMS.
• La consommation de sel reste plus élevée chez les hommes, chez les personnes en surpoids / obèses et moins scolarisées.

Contexte et objectifs
Le Plan d'action mondial de l'OMS pour la prévention des maladies non transmissibles (MNT) recommande une réduction relative de 30% de l'apport moyen en sel / sodium de la population. L'étude a évalué la tendance de la consommation habituelle de sel de la population adulte italienne de 2008 à 2012 à 2018-2019 sur la base d'une excrétion urinaire de sodium sur 24 h, dans le cadre du projet CUORE / MINISAL-GIRCSI / MENO SALE PIU 'SALUTE national enquêtes.

Méthodes et résultats
Les données provenaient d'enquêtes transversales d'échantillons stratifiés par âge et par sexe sélectionnés au hasard de résidents âgés de 35 à 74 ans dans 10 régions italiennes (sur 20) réparties dans le nord, le centre et le sud du pays. Des mesures urinaires de sodium et de créatinine ont été effectuées dans un laboratoire central. Les analyses comprenaient 942 hommes et 916 femmes examinés en 2008-2012, et 967 hommes et 1010 femmes examinés en 2018-2019. L'apport quotidien moyen standardisé selon l'âge en sel (chlorure de sodium) de la population était de 10,8 g (IC à 95% 10,5–11,1) chez les hommes et de 8,3 g (8,1–8,5) chez les femmes en 2008–2012 et respectivement 9,5 g (9,3–9,8 ) et 7,2 g (7,0–7,4) en 2018–2019. Une réduction statistiquement significative (p <0,0001) de la consommation de sel a ainsi été observée sur 10 ans pour les deux sexes et toutes les classes d'âge, d'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et de formation.

Conclusions
L'apport quotidien moyen en sel de la population adulte italienne reste supérieur au niveau recommandé par l'OMS, mais une réduction significative de 12% chez les hommes et de 13% chez les femmes s'est produite au cours des dix dernières années. Ces résultats encouragent les initiatives entreprises par le ministère italien de la Santé visant à réduire la consommation de sel au niveau de la population.