Le COVID agit comme un méga-booster du stress oxydatif

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Upregulation of oxidative stress gene markers during SARS-COV-2 viral infection
Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari Free Radical Biology and Medicine Volume 172, 20 August 2021, Pages 688-698

Highlights
• Bioinformatics was used to determine mRNA levels of 125 oxidative genes in COVID-19.
• SARS-COV-2 induce oxidative genes expression in both immune and lung structural cells.
• MPO, S100A8 and S100A9 were higher in blood and saliva of severe COVID-19 patients.
• SARS-COV-1 and 2 showed more oxidative gene increase than other respiratory viruses.


Severe viral infections, including SARS-COV-2, could trigger disruption of the balance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant mediators; the magnitude of which could reflect the severity of infection and lung injury. Using publicly available COVID-19 transcriptomic datasets, we conducted an in-silico analyses to evaluate the expression levels of 125 oxidative stress genes, including 37 pro-oxidant genes, 32 oxidative-responsive genes, and 56 antioxidant genes. Seven oxidative stress genes were found to be upregulated in whole blood and lung autopsies (MPO, S100A8, S100A9, SRXN1, GCLM, SESN2, and TXN); these genes were higher in severe versus non-severe COVID-19 leucocytes. Oxidative genes were upregulated in inflammatory cells comprising macrophages and CD8+ T cells isolated from bronchioalveolar fluid (BALF), and neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood. MPO, S100A8, and S100A9 were top most upregulated oxidative markers within COVID-19's lung autopsies, whole blood, leucocytes, BALF derived macrophages and circulating neutrophils. The calprotectin's, S100A8 and S100A9 were upregulated in SARS-COV-2 infected human lung epithelium. To validate our in-silico analysis, we conducted qRT-PCR to measure MPO and calprotectin's levels in blood and saliva samples. Relative to uninfected donor controls, MPO, S100A8 and S100A9 were significantly higher in blood and saliva of severe versus asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Compared to other different viral respiratory infections, coronavirus infection showed a prominent upregulation in oxidative stress genes with MPO and calprotectin at the top of the list.

In conclusion, SARS-COV-2 induce the expression of oxidative stress genes via both immune as well as lung structural cells. The observed correlation between oxidative stress genes dysregulation and COVID-19 disease severity deserve more attention. Mechanistical studies are required to confirm the correlation between oxidative stress gene dysregulation, COVID-19 severity, and the net oxidative stress balance.

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The comparison of oxidative markers between Covid-19 patients and healthy subjects
Fereshteh Mehri Arch Med Res. 2021 Jun 7;S0188-4409(21)00126-0.

Aim and background: Covid-19 has been as an important human infectious disease that has affected several countries. Cytokine storm has major role is Covid-19 pathogenesis. The association between inflammation and oxidative stress is well stablished. In this article, we aim to assess oxidative stress markers in Covid-19 patients compare to the healthy subjects.

Method: A total of 48 persons (24 with Covid-19 and 24 controls) were evaluated in this research. Serum oxidative stress markers including Malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), activity of catalase (CAT) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) were measured alongside routine laboratory tests.

Results: Patients group were divided into ICU and Non-ICU groups. ESR, CRP and serum level of ferritin were significantly higher in case group. Serum level of albumin was significantly lower in Covid-19 patients. Serum MDA and TOS was significantly increased in Covid-19 patients. Also, Covid-19 patients had higher serum activity of CAT and GPX.

Conclusion: Oxidative stress markers are significantly elevated in Covid-19 patients. This may have significant role in mechanism of disease development. In the fight against Covid-19, as a global struggle, all possible treatments demand more attention. So, Covid-19 patients may benefit from strategies for reducing or preventing oxidative stress.

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Evaluation of oxidative stress level: total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status and glutathione activity in patients with COVID-19
B Karkhanei New Microbes New Infect. 2021 Jul;42:100897.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a dangerous global pandemic, has led to high morbidity and mortality in all countries. There is a lot of evidence for the possible role of oxidative stress in COVID-19. In the present study, we aimed to measure the levels of glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) in the serum of patients with COVID-19. A total of 96 individuals with and without COVID-19 were enrolled and divided into four groups, including hospitalised group in non-intensive care units (non-ICU) (n = 35), hospitalised group in intensive care units with endotracheal intubation (EI) (ICU with EI) (n = 19), hospitalised group in intensive care units without endotracheal intubation (ICU without EI) (n = 24) and healthy people without COVID-19 disease as our control group (n = 18). The present study revealed that the TOS level was significantly lower in the group of control (p = 0.001), and level of GSH remarkably increased in the patients' groups (p < 0.001). TAC activity in non-ICU group of patients had no significant difference in comparison with the control group. However, in hospitalised patients' groups in the ICU with and without EI this activity was significantly different from the control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the levels of TOS, GSH and TAC with blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), fever, duration of hospitalisation and the prognosis of this disease (p < 0.001). Area under the curve (CI, 95%) of TOS, TAC and GSH-C to predict death among patients were, respectively, 0.907 (0.841, 0.973), 0.735 (0.626, 0.843) and 0.820 (0.725, 0.914). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that TOS, TAC and GSH-C have the potential specificity and sensitivity to distinguish between alive and dead patients.

We found that elevated levels of oxidative stress and reduction of antioxidant indices can aggravate disease's severity in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Therefore, it can be suggested to apply antioxidant agents as one of the effective therapeutic strategies in these groups.

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Traduction de l'étude

Évaluation du niveau de stress oxydatif : capacité antioxydante totale, statut oxydant total et activité du glutathion chez les patients atteints de COVID-19
B Karkhanei Nouveaux Microbes Nouvel Infect. Juil 2021 ; 42 : 100897.

La maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), en tant que pandémie mondiale dangereuse, a entraîné une morbidité et une mortalité élevées dans tous les pays. Il existe de nombreuses preuves du rôle possible du stress oxydatif dans COVID-19. Dans la présente étude, nous avons cherché à mesurer les niveaux de glutathion (GSH), la capacité antioxydante totale (TAC) et le statut oxydant total (TOS) dans le sérum de patients atteints de COVID-19. Un total de 96 personnes avec et sans COVID-19 ont été inscrits et divisés en quatre groupes, y compris un groupe hospitalisé dans des unités de soins non intensifs (non-USI) (n = 35), un groupe hospitalisé dans des unités de soins intensifs avec intubation endotrachéale (EI ) (USI avec IE) (n = 19), groupe hospitalisé dans des unités de soins intensifs sans intubation endotrachéale (USI sans IE) (n = 24) et personnes en bonne santé sans maladie COVID-19 comme groupe témoin (n = 18). La présente étude a révélé que le niveau de TOS était significativement plus faible dans le groupe de contrôle (p = 0,001), et le niveau de GSH a remarquablement augmenté dans les groupes de patients (p < 0,001). L'activité TAC dans le groupe de patients non-USI n'avait pas de différence significative par rapport au groupe témoin. [b]Cependant, dans les groupes de patients hospitalisés en soins intensifs avec et sans IE, cette activité était significativement différente de celle du groupe témoin[/b] (p < 0,001). De plus, il existait une relation significative entre les taux de TOS, de GSH et de TAC avec la saturation en oxygène du sang (SpO2), la fièvre, la durée d'hospitalisation et le pronostic de cette maladie (p < 0,001). L'aire sous la courbe (IC, 95%) du TOS, du TAC et du GSH-C pour prédire le décès chez les patients était respectivement de 0,907 (0,841, 0,973), 0,735 (0,626, 0,843) et 0,820 (0,725, 0,914). L'analyse de la courbe caractéristique de fonctionnement du récepteur a montré que le TOS, le TAC et le GSH-C ont la spécificité et la sensibilité potentielles pour faire la distinction entre les patients vivants et morts.
[b]
Nous avons constaté que des niveaux élevés de stress oxydatif et une réduction des indices antioxydants peuvent aggraver la gravité de la maladie chez les patients hospitalisés atteints de COVID-19. Par conséquent, il peut être suggéré d'appliquer des agents antioxydants comme l'une des stratégies thérapeutiques efficaces dans ces groupes. [/b]

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Effect of an Immune-Boosting, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Food Supplement in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Randomized Pilot Study
by Sandra Reino-Gelardo Nutrients 2023, 15(7), 1736;

Background: COVID-19 disease is a serious global health problem. Few treatments have been shown to reduce mortality and accelerate time to recovery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of a food supplement (probiotics, prebiotics, vitamin D, zinc and selenium) in patients admitted with COVID-19.

Methods: A prospective randomized non-blinded clinical trial was conducted in a sample of 162 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 recruited over eight months. All patients received standard treatment, but the intervention group (n = 67) was given one food supplement stick daily during their admission. After collecting the study variables, a statistical analysis was performed comparing the intervention and control groups and a multivariate analysis controlling for variables that could act as confounding factors.

Results: ROC curve analysis with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.840 (p < 0.001; 95%CI: 0.741–0.939) of the food supplement administration vs. recovery indicated good predictive ability. Moreover, the intervention group had a shorter duration of digestive symptoms compared with the control group: 2.6 ± 1.3 vs. 4.3 ± 2.2 days (p = 0.001); patients with non-severe disease on chest X-ray had shorter hospital stays: 8.1 ± 3.9 vs. 11.6 ± 7.4 days (p = 0.007).

Conclusions: In this trial, the administration of a food supplement (Gasteel Plus®) was shown to be a protective factor in the group of patients with severe COVID-19 and allowed early recovery from digestive symptoms and a shorter hospital stay in patients with a normal–mild–moderate chest X-ray at admission

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Traduction de l'étude

Effet d'un complément alimentaire immunostimulant, antioxydant et anti-inflammatoire chez les patients hospitalisés COVID-19 : une étude pilote prospective randomisée
par Sandra Reino-Gelardo Nutriments 2023, 15(7), 1736;

Contexte : La maladie COVID-19 est un grave problème de santé mondiale. Il a été démontré que peu de traitements réduisent la mortalité et accélèrent le temps de récupération. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer l'effet potentiel d'un complément alimentaire (probiotiques, prébiotiques, vitamine D, zinc et sélénium) chez des patients admis atteints de COVID-19.

Méthodes : Un essai clinique prospectif randomisé en non-aveugle a été mené sur un échantillon de 162 patients hospitalisés diagnostiqués avec la COVID-19 recrutés sur huit mois. Tous les patients ont reçu un traitement standard, mais le groupe d'intervention (n = 67) a reçu un stick de complément alimentaire par jour lors de son admission. Après avoir collecté les variables de l'étude, une analyse statistique a été réalisée comparant les groupes d'intervention et de contrôle et une analyse multivariée contrôlant les variables pouvant agir comme facteurs de confusion.

Résultats : L'analyse de la courbe ROC avec une valeur d'aire sous la courbe (AUC) de 0,840 (p < 0,001 ; IC à 95 % : 0,741–0,939) de l'administration du complément alimentaire par rapport à la récupération a indiqué une bonne capacité prédictive. De plus, le groupe d'intervention avait une durée des symptômes digestifs plus courte par rapport au groupe témoin : 2,6 ± 1,3 vs 4,3 ± 2,2 jours (p = 0,001) ; les patients dont la maladie n'était pas grave à la radiographie pulmonaire avaient des séjours hospitaliers plus courts : 8,1 ± 3,9 vs 11,6 ± 7,4 jours (p = 0,007).

Conclusions : Dans cet essai, l'administration d'un complément alimentaire (Gasteel Plus®) s'est avérée être un facteur de protection dans le groupe de patients atteints de COVID-19 sévère et a permis une guérison précoce des symptômes digestifs et une hospitalisation plus courte chez les patients atteints d'un radiographie pulmonaire normale–légère–modérée à l'admission