Effect of high-protein breakfast meal on within-day appetite hormones: Peptide YY, glucagon like peptide-1 in adults
Hadeel Ali Ghazzawi Clinical Nutrition Experimental: December 2019 (Volume 28) December 2019 Volume 28, Pages 111–122
Background
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of a single high protein breakfast on appetite related hormones (Peptide YY (PYY), and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)) and perceived appetite sensation among adults. Many studies showed that dietary protein is the most satiating macronutrient, since protein may affect appetite by its involvement with appetite regulating hormones.
Methods
Within-subject crossover design was used, where participants received one of two assigned breakfasts on two different mornings: the first breakfast were a high protein (HP) breakfast that contained (51% protein, 13% CHO, 36% fat), while the second one had a high carbohydrates (HC) breakfast (10% protein, 60% CHO, 30% fat).
Results
The findings showed that PYY levels were significantly higher at (P = 0.05) significance level after the HP breakfast than the HC breakfast at 120 min. It also showed that there was an increase in postprandial GLP-1 concentration tended to be greater at significance level (P < 0.01) after the HP breakfast than after the HC one at 30, 60, and 120 min. The findings also showed that females had significantly higher GLP-1 levels than men following the HC breakfast, and satiety Visual Analog scales (VAS) scores were significantly higher after the HP breakfast than after the HC one at 120 min.
Conclusion
A single HP breakfast of 51% had a greater effect on satiety rather than 10% of energy from protein, meanwhile this effect does not apply to all satiety hormones.