Exercise Intensity and Duration Effects on In Vivo Immunity.
Diment BC, Fortes MB, Edwards JP, Hanstock HG, Ward MD, Dunstall HM, Friedmann PS, Walsh NP.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014 Nov 6.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine the effects of intensity and duration of exercise stress on induction of in-vivo immunity in humans using experimental contact hypersensitivity (CHS) with the novel antigen Diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP).
METHODS: Sixty-four healthy males completed either 30 minutes running at 60% V˙O2peak (30MI); 30 minutes running at 80% V˙O2peak (30HI); 120 minutes running at 60% V˙O2peak (120MI) or seated rest (idiot). Twenty-minutes later subjects received a sensitizing dose of DPCP and four-weeks later the strength of immune reactivity was quantified by measuring the cutaneous responses to a low, dose-series challenge with DPCP on the upper inner-arm. Circulating epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol were measured pre, post and 1h post-exercise or idiot. Next, to better understand whether the decrease in CHS response on 120MI was due to local inflammatory or T-cell mediated processes, in a cross-over design, eleven healthy males performed 120MI and idiot and cutaneous responses to a dose-series of the irritant, croton oil (CO) were assessed on the upper inner-arm.
RESULTS: Immune induction by DPCP was impaired by 120MI (skin-fold-thickness -67% vs idiot; P<0.05). However, immune induction was unaffected by 30MI and 30HI despite elevated circulating catecholamines (30HI vs pre: P<0.01) and greater circulating cortisol post 30HI (vs idiot: P<0.01). There was no effect of 120MI on skin irritant responses to CO.
CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged, moderate-intensity exercise, but not short-lasting high or short-lasting moderate-intensity exercise, decreases the induction of in-vivo immunity. No effect of prolonged, moderate-intensity exercise on the skin's response to irritant challenge points towards a suppression of cell-mediated immunity in the observed decrease in CHS. DPCP provides an attractive tool to assess the effect of exercise on in-vivo immunity.