Impacts du sport sur la mélatonine?

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Circadian rhythm gene expression and daily melatonin levels vary in athletes and sedentary males
Biological Rhythm Research 10 Jul 2017 Youngju Song

The circadian rhythm is a 24-h cycle in which cells control metabolic and physiological processes throughout the day. In this study, we compared the expression patterns of major circadian rhythm-related genes: from blood of Bmal1, Ror-α, Cry1, Per2, Per1, and Nr1d1. In addition, changes in patterns of melatonin levels were observed in 16 subjects, eight males rugby players and eight males who did not exercise regularly.

Blood was collected at 6:00, 10:00, 18:00, and 22:00. Bmal1, Ror-α, Cry1, Per2 (p < 0.001), Per1 (p < 0.01), and Nr1d1 (p < 0.05) genes related to circadian rhythm was higher in rugby players than in sedentary males. However, melatonin levels were higher in sedentary males than in rugby players (p < 0.05).

These results indicate that long-term exercise in athletes can increase the expression of genes related to circadian rhythm and these may have an effect on daily melatonin levels as well.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l’étude

L'expression du gène du rythme circadien et les niveaux quotidiens en mélatonine varient selon les athlètes et les hommes sédentaires
Biological Rhythm Research 10 juil 2017 Youngju Song

Le rythme circadien est un cycle de 24 h dans lequel les cellules contrôlent les processus métaboliques et physiologiques tout au long de la journée. Dans cette étude, nous avons comparé les modèles d'expression des principaux gènes circadiens liés au rythme: du sang de Bmal1, Ror-α, Cry1, Per2, Per1 et Nr1d1. En outre, des changements de niveaux en mélatonine ont été observés chez 16 sujets, 8 joueurs de rugby masculins et 8 mâles qui n'ont pas exercé régulièrement.

Une prise de sang a été effectué à 6h00, 10h00, 18h00 et 22h00. Les gènes Bmal1, Ror-α, Cry1, Per2 (p <0,001), Per1 (p <0,01) et Nr1d1 (p <0,05) liés au rythme circadien étaient plus élevés chez les joueurs de rugby que chez les hommes sédentaires. Cependant, les taux de mélatonine étaient plus élevés chez les hommes sédentaires que chez les joueurs de rugby (p <0,05).

Ces résultats indiquent que l'exercice à long terme chez les athlètes peut augmenter l'expression des gènes liés au rythme circadien et ceux-ci peuvent également avoir un effet sur les niveaux quotidiens en mélatonine.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Is melatonin as an ergogenic hormone a myth? a systematic review and meta-analysis
Meta- Analysis
Endocrine Volume 83, pages 302–321, (2024) Filipe Rios Drummond

Purpose
Melatonin supplementation has been disclosed as an ergogenic substance. However, the effectiveness of melatonin supplementation in healthy subjects has not been systematically investigated. The present study analyzed the effects of melatonin supplementation on physical performance and recovery. In addition, it was investigated whether exercise bout or training alter melatonin secretion in athletes and exercise practitioners.

Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted and reported according to the guidelines outlined in the PRISMA statement. Based on the search and inclusion criteria, 21 studies were included in the systematic review, and 19 were included in the meta-analysis.

Results
Melatonin supplementation did not affect aerobic performance relative to time trial (−0.04; 95% CI: −0.51 to 0.44) and relative to VO2 (0.00; 95% CI: −0.57 to 0.57). Also, melatonin supplementation did not affect strength performance (0.19; 95% CI: −0.28 to 0.65). Only Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) secretion increased after melatonin supplementation (1.40; 95% CI: 0.29 to 2.51). Post-exercise melatonin secretion was not changed immediately after an exercise session (0.56; 95% CI: −0.29 to 1.41) and 60 min after exercise (0.56; 95% CI: −0.29 to 1.41).

Conclusion
The data indicate that melatonin is not an ergogenic hormone. In contrast, melatonin supplementation improves post-exercise recovery, even without altering its secretion.