Les polyphénols contre l'obésité?

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Polyphenols and their anti-obesity role mediated by the gut microbiota: a comprehensive review
Lissette Duarte, Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders volume 22, pages367–388(2021)

Obesity is a global public health problem that results in chronic pathologies such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The treatment approach based on energy restriction and promotion of physical activity is ineffective in the long term. Due to the high prevalence of this pathology, complementary treatments such as brown adipose tissue activation (BAT) and white adipose tissue browning (WAT) have been proposed. Dietary polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites that can stimulate browning and thermogenesis of adipose tissue. They have also been shown to prevent body weight gain, and decrease systemic inflammation produced by high-fat diets. Ingested dietary polyphenols that reach the colon are metabolized by the gut microbiota (GM), regulating its composition and generating a great array of metabolites. GM is involved in the production of short chain fatty acids and secondary bile salts that regulate energetic metabolism. The alteration in the composition of GM observed in metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes can be attenuated by polyphenols.

Recent studies support the hypothesis that GM would mediate WAT browning and BAT thermogenesis activation induced by polyphenol administration. Together, these results indicate that GM in the presence of polyphenols plays a fundamental role in the control of obesity possible through BAT activation.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Les polyphénols et leur rôle anti-obésité médié par le microbiote intestinal: un bilan complet
Lissette Duarte, Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders volume 22, pages 367–388 (2021)

L'obésité est un problème de santé publique mondial qui entraîne des pathologies chroniques telles que le diabète, les maladies cardiovasculaires et le cancer. L'approche thérapeutique basée sur la restriction énergétique et la promotion de l'activité physique est inefficace sur le long terme. En raison de la forte prévalence de cette pathologie, des traitements complémentaires tels que l'activation du tissu adipeux brun (BAT) et le brunissement du tissu adipeux blanc (WAT) ont été proposés. Les polyphénols alimentaires sont des métabolites secondaires végétaux qui peuvent stimuler le brunissement et la thermogenèse du tissu adipeux. Il a également été démontré qu'ils empêchent la prise de poids corporel et réduisent l'inflammation systémique produite par les régimes riches en graisses. Les polyphénols alimentaires ingérés qui atteignent le côlon sont métabolisés par le microbiote intestinal (GM), régulant sa composition et générant une grande variété de métabolites. GM est impliqué dans la production d'acides gras à chaîne courte et de sels biliaires secondaires qui régulent le métabolisme énergétique. L'altération de la composition du GM observée dans les maladies métaboliques telles que l'obésité et le diabète de type 2 peut être atténuée par les polyphénols.

Des études récentes soutiennent l'hypothèse que le GM interviendrait dans le brunissement du WAT et l'activation de la thermogenèse BAT induite par l'administration de polyphénols. Ensemble, ces résultats indiquent que le GM en présence de polyphénols joue un rôle fondamental dans le contrôle de l'obésité possible grâce à l'activation des MTD.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Dietary Intake of 91 Individual Polyphenols and 5-Year Body Weight Change in the EPIC-PANACEA Cohort
by Mercedes Gil-Lespinard Antioxidants 2022, 11(12), 2425;

Polyphenols are bioactive compounds from plants with antioxidant properties that may have a protective role against body weight gain, with adipose tissue and systemic oxidative stress as potential targets. We aimed to investigate the dietary intake of individual polyphenols and their association with 5-year body weight change in a sub-cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). This study included 349,165 adult participants from nine European countries. Polyphenol intake was estimated through country-specific validated dietary questionnaires and the Phenol-Explorer database. Body weight was obtained at recruitment and after a mean follow-up time of 5 years. Associations were estimated using multilevel mixed linear regression models. From 91 polyphenols included, the majority (n = 67) were inversely associated with 5-year body weight change after FDR-correction (q < 0.05). The greatest inverse associations were observed for quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (change in weight for doubling in intake: −0.071 (95% CI: −0.085; −0.056) kg/5 years).

Only 13 polyphenols showed positive associations with body weight gain, mainly from the subclass hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) with coffee as the main dietary source, such as 4-caffeoylquinic acid (0.029 (95% CI: 0.021; 0.038) kg/5 years).

Individual polyphenols with fruit, tea, cocoa and whole grain cereals as the main dietary sources may contribute to body weight maintenance in adults. Individual HCAs may have different roles in body weight change depending on their dietary source.