Alternating or continuous exposure to cafeteria diet leads to similar shifts in gut microbiota compared to chow diet
Margaret Morris et al.
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Published online January 19, 2016.
Scope
Overconsumption of energy-rich food is a major contributor to the obesity epidemic. The eating habits of many people are characterised by the cycling between overconsumption of energy-rich foods and dieting, the effects of which on the microbiota are currently unknown.
Methods and Results
We compared the faecal microbiota of rats either continuously fed chow or palatable cafeteria diet to a ‘cycled’ group switched between the two diets (chow for 4, cafeteria for 3 days/week, n = 12/group) over 16 weeks. Enriched bacterial metabolic pathways were predicted, and a range of metabolic parameters were correlated to microbial taxa and pathways. Cycled rats showed large excursions in food intake on each diet switch. When switched from chow to cafeteria, they over-consumed, and when switched back to chow they under-consumed relative to those maintained on the two diets. Metabolic parameters of cycled rats were intermediate between those of the other diet groups (P<0.05). The microbiota of cycled rats was nearly indistinguishable from rats under constant cafeteria diet, and both groups were significantly different to the chow group. Correlation analyses identified microbial metabolic pathways associated with an obese phenotype.
Conclusion
These data suggest that continuous or intermittent exposure to palatable foods have similar effects on the gut microbiota.