Manger bio pour optimiser l'intelligence des enfants?

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Early life multiple exposures and child cognitive function: A multi-centric birth cohort study in six European countries
Jordi Julvez Environmental Pollution Volume 284, 1 September 2021, 117404

Highlights
• Previous evidence for environmental risk factor associations with neurodevelopment is based on analyses of single exposures.
• We systematically analysed multiple environmental exposures in relation to child neurodevelopment.
• The findings describe a list of outcome-related exposures: Diet, house crowding, indoor air pollution and tobacco smoke.
• The findings show methodological complexities of analysing multiple exposures and their associations with neurodevelopment.

Epidemiological studies mostly focus on single environmental exposures. This study aims to systematically assess associations between a wide range of prenatal and childhood environmental exposures and cognition. The study sample included data of 1298 mother-child pairs, children were 6–11 years-old, from six European birth cohorts. We measured 87 exposures during pregnancy and 122 cross-sectionally during childhood, including air pollution, built environment, meteorology, natural spaces, traffic, noise, chemicals and life styles. The measured cognitive domains were fluid intelligence (Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices test, CPM), attention (Attention Network Test, ANT) and working memory (N-Back task). We used two statistical approaches to assess associations between exposure and child cognition: the exposome-wide association study (ExWAS) considering each exposure independently, and the deletion-substitution-addition algorithm (DSA) considering all exposures simultaneously to build a final multiexposure model.

Based on this multiexposure model that included the exposure variables selected by ExWAS and DSA models, child organic food intake was associated with higher fluid intelligence (CPM) scores (beta = 1.18; 95% CI = 0.50, 1.87) and higher working memory (N-Back) scores (0.23; 0.05, 0.41), and child fast food intake (−1.25; −2.10, −0.40), house crowding (−0.39; −0.62, −0.16), and child environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) (−0.89; −1.42, −0.35), were all associated with lower CPM scores. Indoor PM2.5 exposure was associated with lower N-Back scores (−0.09; −0.16, −0.02). Additional associations in the unexpected direction were found: Higher prenatal mercury levels, maternal alcohol consumption and child higher perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) levels were associated with better cognitive performance; and higher green exposure during pregnancy with lower cognitive performance. This first comprehensive and systematic study of many prenatal and childhood environmental risk factors suggests that unfavourable child nutrition, family crowdedness and child indoor air pollution and ETS exposures adversely and cross-sectionally associate with cognitive function. Unexpected associations were also observed and maybe due to confounding and reverse causality.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Promoting vegetable intake in preschool children: Independent and combined effects of portion size and flavor enhancement
Hanim E.Diktas Appetite Volume 164, 1 September 2021, 105250


This study investigated the independent and combined effects on preschool children's vegetable intake of serving a larger portion of vegetables and enhancing their flavor. In a crossover design, lunch was served in childcare centers once a week for four weeks to 67 children aged 3–5 y (26 boys, 41 girls). The meal consisted of two familiar vegetables (broccoli and corn) served with fish sticks, rice, ketchup, applesauce, and milk. Across the four meals, we varied the portion of vegetables (60 or 120 g total weight, served as equal weights of broccoli and corn) and served them either plain or enhanced (6.6% light butter and 0.5% salt by weight). All meals were consumed ad libitum and were weighed to determine intake.

Doubling the portion of vegetables led to greater consumption of both broccoli and corn (both p < 0.0001) and increased meal vegetable intake by 68% (mean ± SEM 21 ± 3 g). Enhancing vegetables with butter and salt, however, did not influence their intake (p = 0.13), nor did flavor enhancement modify the effect of portion size on intake (p = 0.10). Intake of other meal components did not change when the vegetable portion was doubled (p = 0.57); thus, for the entire meal, the increase in vegetable consumption led to a 5% increase in energy intake (13 ± 5 kcal; p = 0.02). Ratings indicated that children had similar liking for the plain and enhanced versions of each vegetable (both p > 0.31). All versions of vegetables were well-liked, as indicated by ≥ 76% of the children rating them as “yummy” or “just okay”. Serving a larger portion of vegetables at a meal was an effective strategy to promote vegetable intake in children, but when well-liked vegetables were served, adding butter and salt was not necessary to increase consumption.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Promouvoir la consommation de légumes chez les enfants d'âge préscolaire : effets indépendants et combinés de la taille des portions et de l'amélioration de la saveur
Hanim E.Diktas Appetite Volume 164, 1er septembre 2021, 105250


Cette étude a examiné les effets indépendants et combinés sur la consommation de légumes des enfants d'âge préscolaire en servant une plus grande portion de légumes et en améliorant leur saveur. Dans une conception croisée, le déjeuner a été servi dans les garderies une fois par semaine pendant quatre semaines à 67 enfants âgés de 3 à 5 ans (26 garçons, 41 filles). Le repas se composait de deux légumes familiers (brocoli et maïs) servis avec des bâtonnets de poisson, du riz, du ketchup, de la compote de pommes et du lait. Au cours des quatre repas, nous avons varié la portion de légumes (60 ou 120 g de poids total, servis à poids égal de brocoli et de maïs) et les avons servis natures ou enrichies (6,6 % de beurre léger et 0,5 % de sel en poids). Tous les repas ont été consommés ad libitum et ont été pesés pour déterminer l'apport.

Doubler la portion de légumes a entraîné une plus grande consommation de brocoli et de maïs (tous deux p < 0,0001) et une augmentation de la consommation de légumes repas de 68 % (moyenne ± SEM 21 ± 3 g). Cependant, l'amélioration des légumes avec du beurre et du sel n'a pas influencé leur consommation (p = 0,13), et l'amélioration de la saveur n'a pas non plus modifié l'effet de la taille des portions sur la consommation (p = 0,10). La consommation d'autres composants du repas n'a pas changé lorsque la portion de légumes a été doublée (p = 0,57) ; ainsi, pour l'ensemble du repas, l'augmentation de la consommation de légumes a entraîné une augmentation de 5 % de l'apport énergétique (13 ± 5 kcal ; p = 0,02). Les évaluations ont indiqué que les enfants avaient un goût similaire pour les versions simples et améliorées de chaque légume (les deux p > 0,31). Toutes les versions de légumes ont été appréciées, comme l'ont indiqué ≥ 76 % des enfants les qualifiant de « délicieux » ou « tout à fait corrects ». Servir une plus grande portion de légumes à un repas était une stratégie efficace pour promouvoir la consommation de légumes chez les enfants, mais lorsque des légumes appréciés étaient servis, l'ajout de beurre et de sel n'était pas nécessaire pour augmenter la consommation.