Effects of protein supplements consumed with meals, versus between meals, on resistance training–induced body composition changes in adults: a systematic review
Joshua L Hudson Robert E Bergia, III Wayne W Campbell
Nutrition Reviews, nuy012, https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuy012
Published: 25 April 2018
Abstract
Context
The impact of timing the consumption of protein supplements in relation to meals on resistance training–induced changes in body composition has not been evaluated systematically.
Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of consuming protein supplements with meals, vs between meals, on resistance training–induced body composition changes in adults.
Data Sources
Studies published up to 2017 were identified with the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases.
Data Extraction
Two researchers independently screened 2077 abstracts for eligible randomized controlled trials of parallel design that prescribed a protein supplement and measured changes in body composition for a period of 6 weeks or more.
Results
In total, 34 randomized controlled trials with 59 intervention groups were included and qualitatively assessed. Of the intervention groups designated as consuming protein supplements with meals (n = 16) vs between meals (n = 43), 56% vs 72% showed an increase in body mass, 94% vs 90% showed an increase in lean mass, 87% vs 59% showed a reduction in fat mass, and 100% vs 84% showed an increase in the ratio of lean mass to fat mass over time, respectively.
Conclusions
Concurrently with resistance training, consuming protein supplements with meals, rather than between meals, may more effectively promote weight control and reduce fat mass without influencing improvements in lean mass.