La taurine pour la santé du cerveau et de l'intestin ?

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Taurine Protects against Postischemic Brain Injury via the Antioxidant Activity of Taurine Chloramine
by Song-I Seol Antioxidants 2021, 10(3), 372;

Taurine is ubiquitously distributed in mammalian tissues and is highly concentrated in the heart, brain, and leukocytes. Taurine exerts neuroprotective effects in various central nervous system diseases and can suppress infarct formation in stroke. Taurine reacts with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to produce taurine chloramine (Tau-Cl). We investigated the neuroprotective effects of taurine using a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and BV2 microglial cells. Although intranasal administration of taurine (0.5 mg/kg) had no protective effects, the same dose of Tau-Cl significantly reduced infarct volume and ameliorated neurological deficits and promoted motor function, indicating a robust neuroprotective effect of Tau-Cl. There was neutrophil infiltration in the post-MCAO brains, and the MPO produced by infiltrating neutrophils might be involved in the taurine to Tau-Cl conversion. Tau-Cl significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes glutamate–cysteine ligase, heme oxygenase-1, NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and peroxiredoxin-1 in BV2 cells, whereas taurine slightly increased some of them. Antioxidant enzyme levels were increased in the post-MCAO brains, and Tau-Cl further increased the level of MCAO-induced antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest that the neutrophils infiltrate the area of ischemic injury area, where taurine is converted to Tau-Cl, thus protecting from brain injury by scavenging toxic HOCl and increasing antioxidant enzyme expression.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Protective Effects of Taurine Chloramine on Experimentally Induced Colitis: NFκB, STAT3, and Nrf2 as Potential Targets
by Seong Hoon Kim Antioxidants 2021, 10(3), 479;

Taurine chloramine (TauCl) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory substance which is derived from taurine, a semi-essential sulfur-containing β-amino acid found in some foods including meat, fish, eggs and milk. In general, TauCl as well as its parent compound taurine downregulates production of tissue-damaging proinflammatory mediators, such as chemokines and cytokines in many different types of cells. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of TauCl on experimentally induced colon inflammation. Oral administration of TauCl protected against mouse colitis caused by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TauCl administration attenuated apoptosis in the colonic mucosa of TNBS-treated mice. This was accompanied by reduced expression of an oxidative stress marker, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and proinflammatory molecules including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 in mouse colon. TauCl also inhibited activation of NFκB and STAT3, two key transcription factors mediating proinflammatory signaling. Notably, the protective effect of TauCl on oxidative stress and inflammation in the colon of TNBS-treated mice was associated with elevated activation of Nrf2 and upregulation of its target genes encoding heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and glutathione S-transferase.

Taken together, these results suggest that TauCl exerts the protective effect against colitis through upregulation of Nrf2-dependent cytoprotective gene expression while blocking the proinflammatory signaling mediated by NFκB and STAT3.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Effets protecteurs de la taurine chloramine sur la colite induite expérimentalement: NFκB, STAT3 et Nrf2 comme cibles potentielles
par Seong Hoon Kim Antioxidants 2021, 10 (3), 479;

La taurine chloramine (TauCl) est une substance anti-inflammatoire endogène qui est dérivée de la taurine, un acide β-aminé semi-essentiel contenant du soufre présent dans certains aliments, notamment la viande, le poisson, les œufs et le lait. En général, TauCl ainsi que son composé parent, la taurine, régule à la baisse la production de médiateurs pro-inflammatoires endommageant les tissus, tels que les chimiokines et les cytokines dans de nombreux types de cellules. Dans la présente étude, nous avons étudié les effets protecteurs de TauCl sur l'inflammation du côlon induite expérimentalement. L'administration orale de TauCl protégé contre la colite de souris causée par l'acide 2,4,6-trinitrobenzène sulfonique (TNBS). L'administration de TauCl a atténué l'apoptose dans la muqueuse colique des souris traitées au TNBS. Cela s'accompagnait d'une expression réduite d'un marqueur de stress oxydatif, de molécules 4-hydroxy-2-nonénales et pro-inflammatoires, y compris le facteur de nécrose tumorale α, l'interleukine-6 ​​et la cyclooxygénase-2 dans le côlon de souris. TauCl a également inhibé l'activation de NFκB et STAT3, deux facteurs de transcription clés médiant la signalisation pro-inflammatoire. Notamment, l'effet protecteur de TauCl sur le stress oxydatif et l'inflammation dans le côlon des souris traitées au TNBS a été associé à une activation élevée de Nrf2 et à une régulation positive de ses gènes cibles codant pour l'hème oxygénase-1, NAD (P) H: quinone oxydoréductase, glutamate cystéine sous-unité catalytique ligase et glutathion S-transférase.

Pris ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent que TauCl exerce l'effet protecteur contre la colite par une régulation à la hausse de l'expression du gène cytoprotecteur dépendant de Nrf2 tout en bloquant la signalisation pro-inflammatoire médiée par NFκB et STAT3.