Actions minceur et santé de la carnitine?

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L-Carnitine in the Treatment of Psychiatric and Neurological Manifestations: A Systematic Review
by Wenbo Wang Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1232;

Objective: L-carnitine (LC), a vital nutritional supplement, plays a crucial role in myocardial health and exhibits significant cardioprotective effects. LC, being the principal constituent of clinical-grade supplements, finds extensive application in the recovery and treatment of diverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. However, controversies persist regarding the utilization of LC in nervous system diseases, with varying effects observed across numerous mental and neurological disorders. This article primarily aims to gather and analyze database information to comprehensively summarize the therapeutic potential of LC in patients suffering from nervous system diseases while providing valuable references for further research. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web Of Science, Embase, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrials.gov databases. The literature pertaining to the impact of LC supplementation on neurological or psychiatric disorders in patients was reviewed up until November 2023. No language or temporal restrictions were imposed on the search. Results: A total of 1479 articles were retrieved, and after the removal of duplicates through both automated and manual exclusion processes, 962 articles remained. Subsequently, a meticulous re-screening led to the identification of 60 relevant articles. Among these, there were 12 publications focusing on hepatic encephalopathy (HE), while neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and peripheral nervous system diseases (PNSDs) were represented by 9 and 6 articles, respectively. Additionally, stroke was addressed in five publications, whereas Raynaud’s syndrome (RS) and cognitive disorder (CD) each had three dedicated studies. Furthermore, migraine, depression, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) each accounted for two publications. Lastly, one article was found for other symptoms under investigation.

Conclusion: In summary, LC has demonstrated favorable therapeutic effects in the management of HE, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), CD, migraine, neurofibromatosis (NF), PNSDs, RS, and stroke. However, its efficacy appears to be relatively limited in conditions such as ALS, ataxia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Down syndrome (DS), and sciatica.

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Traduction de l'étude

L-Carnitine dans le traitement des manifestations psychiatriques et neurologiques : une revue systématique
par Wenbo Wang Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1232 ;

Objectif : La L-carnitine (LC), un complément nutritionnel vital, joue un rôle crucial dans la santé du myocarde et présente des effets cardioprotecteurs importants. LC, étant le principal constituant des suppléments de qualité clinique, trouve de nombreuses applications dans la récupération et le traitement de divers troubles cardiovasculaires et cérébrovasculaires. Cependant, des controverses persistent concernant l'utilisation de la LC dans les maladies du système nerveux, avec des effets variables observés sur de nombreux troubles mentaux et neurologiques. Cet article vise principalement à rassembler et analyser les informations des bases de données afin de résumer de manière exhaustive le potentiel thérapeutique de la LC chez les patients souffrant de maladies du système nerveux tout en fournissant des références précieuses pour des recherches ultérieures. Méthodes : Une recherche complète a été menée dans les bases de données PubMed, Web Of Science, Embase, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library et Clinicaltrials.gov. La littérature relative à l’impact de la supplémentation en LC sur les troubles neurologiques ou psychiatriques chez les patients a été examinée jusqu’en novembre 2023. Aucune restriction linguistique ou temporelle n’a été imposée à la recherche. Résultats : Un total de 1 479 articles ont été récupérés et, après la suppression des doublons via des processus d'exclusion automatisés et manuels, il restait 962 articles. Par la suite, une nouvelle sélection minutieuse a permis d’identifier 60 articles pertinents. Parmi celles-ci, 12 publications portaient sur l'encéphalopathie hépatique (HE), tandis que les maladies neurodégénératives (ND) et les maladies du système nerveux périphérique (PNSD) étaient représentées respectivement par 9 et 6 articles. De plus, l’accident vasculaire cérébral a été abordé dans cinq publications, tandis que le syndrome de Raynaud (RS) et les troubles cognitifs (MC) ont chacun fait l’objet de trois études dédiées. De plus, la migraine, la dépression et la sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) représentaient chacune deux publications. Enfin, un article a été trouvé pour d’autres symptômes faisant l’objet d’une enquête.

Conclusion : En résumé, la LC a démontré des effets thérapeutiques favorables dans la prise en charge de l'HE, de la maladie d'Alzheimer (MA), du syndrome du canal carpien (CTS), de la MC, de la migraine, de la neurofibromatose (NF), des PNSD, du RS et des accidents vasculaires cérébraux. Cependant, son efficacité semble relativement limitée dans des pathologies telles que la SLA, l'ataxie, le trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH), la dépression, le syndrome de fatigue chronique (SFC), le syndrome de Down (DS) et la sciatique.

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The protective role of L-carnitine on oxidative stress, neurotransmitter perturbations, astrogliosis, and apoptosis induced by thiamethoxam in the brains of male rats
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology Volume 397, pages 4365–4379, (2024) Heba-Tallah Abd Elrahim Abd Elkader

Synthetic organic insecticides such as pyrethroids, organophosphates, neonicotinoids, and others have the potential to disrupt ecosystems and are often toxic to humans. Thiamethoxam (TMX), a neonicotinoid insecticide , is a widely used insecticide with neurotoxic potential.

L-Carnitine (LC) is regarded as the “gatekeeper” in charge of allowing long-chain fatty acids into cell mitochondria. LC is an endogenous chemical that is renowned for its prospective biological activity in addition to its role in energy metabolism. This study investigated the protective effects of LC against TMX-induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats. For 28 days, animals were divided into four groups and treated daily with either LC (300 mg/kg), TMX (100 mg/kg), or both at the aforementioned doses.

Our results revealed marked serum lipid profile and electrolyte changes, declines in brain antioxidants and neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin levels) with elevations in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and proinflammatory cytokine levels, as well as acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase brain activity in TMX-treated rats. TMX also increased the expression of caspase-3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. In contrast, pretreatment with LC attenuated TMX-induced brain injury by suppressing oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines and modulating neurotransmitter levels. It also ameliorated the expression of apoptotic and astrogliosis markers.

It could be concluded that LC has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-astrogliosis, and anti-apoptotic potential against TMX neurotoxicity.