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Il n'est jamais trop tard pour faire du sport - santé

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Il n'est jamais trop tard pour faire du sport - santé

Messagepar Nutrimuscle-Conseils » 30 Sep 2021 12:55

Late-in-life treadmill training rejuvenates autophagy, protein aggregate clearance, and function in mouse hearts
Jae Min Cho Aging Cell 2021

Protein quality control mechanisms decline during the process of cardiac aging. This enables the accumulation of protein aggregates and damaged organelles that contribute to age-associated cardiac dysfunction. Macroautophagy is the process by which post-mitotic cells such as cardiomyocytes clear defective proteins and organelles. We hypothesized that late-in-life exercise training improves autophagy, protein aggregate clearance, and function that is otherwise dysregulated in hearts from old vs. adult mice. As expected, 24-month-old male C57BL/6J mice (old) exhibited repressed autophagosome formation and protein aggregate accumulation in the heart, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and reduced exercise capacity vs. 8-month-old (adult) mice (all p < 0.05). To investigate the influence of late-in-life exercise training, additional cohorts of 21-month-old mice did (old-ETR) or did not (old-SED) complete a 3-month progressive resistance treadmill running program. Body composition, exercise capacity, and soleus muscle citrate synthase activity improved in old-ETR vs. old-SED mice at 24 months (all p < 0.05). Importantly, protein expression of autophagy markers indicate trafficking of the autophagosome to the lysosome increased, protein aggregate clearance improved, and overall function was enhanced (all p < 0.05) in hearts from old-ETR vs. old-SED mice.

These data provide the first evidence that a physiological intervention initiated late-in-life improves autophagic flux, protein aggregate clearance, and contractile performance in mouse hearts.
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Re: Il n'est jamais trop tard pour faire du sport - santé

Messagepar Nutrimuscle-Conseils » 30 Sep 2021 12:55

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Re: Il n'est jamais trop tard pour faire du sport - santé

Messagepar Nutrimuscle-Conseils » 30 Sep 2021 13:24

DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging were slowed down in a two-year diet and physical activity intervention trial: the DAMA study
Giovanni Fiorito, Aging Cell 18 September 2021

Several biomarkers of healthy aging have been proposed in recent years, including the epigenetic clocks, based on DNA methylation (DNAm) measures, which are getting increasingly accurate in predicting the individual biological age. The recently developed “next-generation clock” DNAmGrimAge outperforms “first-generation clocks” in predicting longevity and the onset of many age-related pathological conditions and diseases.

Additionally, the total number of stochastic epigenetic mutations (SEMs), also known as the epigenetic mutation load (EML), has been proposed as a complementary DNAm-based biomarker of healthy aging. A fundamental biological property of epigenetic, and in particular DNAm modifications, is the potential reversibility of the effect, raising questions about the possible slowdown of epigenetic aging by modifying one's lifestyle. Here, we investigated whether improved dietary habits and increased physical activity have favorable effects on aging biomarkers in healthy postmenopausal women.

The study sample consists of 219 women from the “Diet, Physical Activity, and Mammography” (DAMA) study: a 24-month randomized factorial intervention trial with DNAm measured twice, at baseline and the end of the trial. Women who participated in the dietary intervention had a significant slowing of the DNAmGrimAge clock, whereas increasing physical activity led to a significant reduction of SEMs in crucial cancer-related pathways.

Our study provides strong evidence of a causal association between lifestyle modification and slowing down of DNAm aging biomarkers. This randomized trial elucidates the causal relationship between lifestyle and healthy aging-related epigenetic mechanisms.
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Re: Il n'est jamais trop tard pour faire du sport - santé

Messagepar Nutrimuscle-Conseils » 30 Sep 2021 13:28

L'« horloge du vieillissement en bonne santé de nouvelle génération » DNAmGrimAge prédit la longévité et l'apparition de nombreuses pathologies liées à l'âge. De plus, le nombre total de mutations épigénétiques stochastiques (SEM), a été proposé comme biomarqueur du vieillissement complémentaire basé sur l'ADNm.

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Re: Il n'est jamais trop tard pour faire du sport - santé

Messagepar Nutrimuscle-Diététique » 1 Oct 2021 16:15

Traduction de l'étude :wink:

Les biomarqueurs du vieillissement basés sur la méthylation de l'ADN ont été ralentis dans un essai d'intervention sur le régime alimentaire et l'activité physique de deux ans : l'étude DAMA
Giovanni Fiorito, Cellule Vieillissement 18 septembre 2021

Plusieurs biomarqueurs du vieillissement en bonne santé ont été proposés ces dernières années, dont les horloges épigénétiques, basées sur des mesures de méthylation de l'ADN (DNAm), qui deviennent de plus en plus précises pour prédire l'âge biologique individuel. L'« horloge de nouvelle génération » récemment développée DNAmGrimAge surpasse les « horloges de première génération » pour prédire la longévité et l'apparition de nombreuses pathologies et maladies liées à l'âge.

De plus, le nombre total de mutations épigénétiques stochastiques (SEM), également connu sous le nom de charge de mutation épigénétique (EML), a été proposé comme biomarqueur complémentaire basé sur l'ADNm du vieillissement en bonne santé. Une propriété biologique fondamentale des modifications épigénétiques, et en particulier de l'ADNm, est la réversibilité potentielle de l'effet, soulevant des questions sur le ralentissement possible du vieillissement épigénétique en modifiant son mode de vie. Ici, nous avons cherché à savoir si l'amélioration des habitudes alimentaires et l'augmentation de l'activité physique ont des effets favorables sur les biomarqueurs du vieillissement chez les femmes ménopausées en bonne santé.

L'échantillon de l'étude se compose de 219 femmes de l'étude « Diet, Physical Activity and Mammography » (DAMA) : un essai d'intervention factorielle randomisé de 24 mois avec l'ADNm mesuré deux fois, au départ et à la fin de l'essai. Les femmes qui ont participé à l'intervention diététique ont eu un ralentissement significatif de l'horloge DNAmGrimAge, tandis que l'augmentation de l'activité physique a entraîné une réduction significative des SEM dans les voies cruciales liées au cancer.

Notre étude fournit des preuves solides d'une association causale entre la modification du mode de vie et le ralentissement des biomarqueurs du vieillissement de l'ADN. Cet essai randomisé élucide la relation causale entre le mode de vie et les mécanismes épigénétiques liés au vieillissement en bonne santé
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Re: Il n'est jamais trop tard pour faire du sport - santé

Messagepar Nutrimuscle-Conseils » 25 Jan 2022 00:18

Estimated Number of Deaths Prevented Through Increased Physical Activity Among US Adults
Pedro F. Saint-Maurice, JAMA Intern Med. Published online January 24, 2022.

Previous studies suggest that a substantial number of deaths could be prevented annually by increasing population levels of physical activity.1-3 However, previous estimates have relied on convenience samples,2,3 used self-reported physical activity data,1-3 and assumed relatively large increases in activity levels (eg, more than 30 minutes per day).1-3 The potential public health benefit of changing daily physical activity by a manageable amount is not yet known. In this study, we used accelerometer measurements (1) to examine the association of physical activity and mortality in a population-based sample of US adults and (2) to estimate the number of deaths prevented annually with modest increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity intensity (MVPA).

Methods
This cohort study was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Ethics Review Board. This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and written informed consent was obtained for all NHANES participants. The study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline.

The NHANES is a representative survey of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population, including oversampling for non-Hispanic Black participants and Mexican American participants. Race and ethnicity was determined by self-report and classified using preferred terminology from the National Center for Health Statistics as Mexican American, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, or other. Race and ethnicity was included in this study to better characterize the US population. In 2003 to 2006, NHANES participants aged 6 years or older were asked to wear an accelerometer for 7 days. For this study, we evaluated 4840 of 6355 adults aged 40 to 85 years or older with accelerometer data. The remaining 1515 individuals were excluded because they were not eligible or refused to participate in the monitoring protocol (853 [13%]), had monitors that malfunctioned or lost calibration (360 [6%]), or had no valid days with monitor data (302 [5%]). Mortality follow-up was completed via National Death Index linkage through December 31, 2015. We estimated MVPA by summing accelerometer minutes at or above an established cutpoint4 and creating 8 physical activity categories (0-19, 20-39, 40-59, 60-79, 80-99, 100-119, 120-139, or ≥140 minutes per day).

The number of deaths per year prevented with increased physical activity was estimated as the adjusted population attributable fraction (PAF)5 multiplied by the US population annual number of deaths for 2003 (for individuals aged 40-84 years). To calculate the PAFs, we used population prevalence estimates and hazard ratios adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education level, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), diet, alcohol use, smoking status, and self-reported chronic conditions, mobility limitations, and general health. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models, and the proportional hazards assumption was confirmed for our main exposure (ie, MVPA). Counterfactuals for increased activity were set to 10, 20, and 30 minutes per day higher than participants’ observed values. Those classified as frail6 or who required equipment to walk were assumed to be unable to increase their activity (eMethods in the Supplement); when PAFs were calculated, physical activity levels for these participants were held constant. Data were analyzed with SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc), accounting for the NHANES complex sample design.

Results
This analysis included 4840 participants. Of these, 2435 (53%) were women, 993 (10.4%) were non-Hispanic Black, and 887 (5.1%) were Mexican American (Table). A total of 1165 deaths occurred during a mean (SEM) follow-up of 10.1 (0.1) years.

Adjusted hazard ratios changed from 0.69 to 0.28 across increasing activity categories (vs 0-19 minutes per day). Hazard ratios used to generate the PAFs for the 8 activity categories were as follows: 1.00 (reference) for 0 to 19 (548 [7.9%]), 0.69 (95% CI, 0.55-0.85) for 20 to 39 (616 [10.0%]), 0.51 (95% CI, 0.42-0.63) for 40 to 59 (635 [11.8%]), 0.40 (95% CI, 0.29-0.55) for 60 to 79 (614 [12.7%]), 0.34 (95% CI, 0.25-0.47) for 80-99 (633 [14.4%]), 0.32 (95% CI, 0.21-0.48) for 100 to 119 (508 [12.1%]), 0.30 (95% CI, 0.19-0.48) for 120-139 (384 [9.3%]), and 0.28 (95% CI, 0.18-0.42) for 140 or more (902 [21.7%]) minutes per day. The number of participants with frailty or needing special equipment was 280 (49.4%) for 0 to 19, 164 (26.3%) for 20 to 39, 94 (12.4%) for 40 to 59, 66 (9.5%) for 60 to 79, 42 (5.1%) for 80 to 99, 31 (4.7%) for 100 to 119, 20 (2.9%) for 120 to 139, and 35 (2.7%) for 140 or more minutes per day.

Increasing MVPA by 10, 20, or 30 minutes per day was associated with a 6.9%, 13.0%, and 16.9% decrease in the number of deaths per year, respectively. Adding 10 minutes per day of physical activity resulted in an estimated 111 174 preventable deaths per year (95% CI, 79 594-142 754), with greater benefits associated with the addition of more physical activity (209 459 preventable deaths [95% CI, 146 299-272 619] for 20 minutes and 272 297 preventable deaths [95% CI, 177 557-367 037] for 30 minutes) (Figure).

The PAFs indicate that the addition of 10 minutes per day of MVPA was associated with the prevention of 8.0% (95% CI, 6.0-10.0) of total deaths per year among men, 5.9% (95% CI, 2.0-9.8) among women, 4.8% (95% CI, 0.0-10.7) among Mexican American individuals, 6.1% (95% CI, 2.2-10.0) among non-Hispanic Black individuals, and 7.3% (95% CI, 5.3-9.3) among non-Hispanic White individuals.

Discussion
In this cohort study, we estimated that approximately 110 000 deaths per year could be prevented if US adults aged 40 to 85 years or older increased their MVPA by a small amount (ie, 10 minutes per day). Similar benefits were observed for men and women and for Mexican American, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White adults. To our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the number of preventable deaths through physical activity using accelerometer-based measurements among US adults while recognizing that increasing activity may not be possible for everyone. However, 1 week of monitoring may not reflect changes in activity over time, and the observational study design limits the direct determination of causality.
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Re: Il n'est jamais trop tard pour faire du sport - santé

Messagepar Nutrimuscle-Conseils » 25 Jan 2022 00:23

Nombre de décès évitables et proportion équivalente de décès totaux par quantité ajoutée d'APMV chez les adultes américains âgés de 40 à 85 ans ou plus

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Re: Il n'est jamais trop tard pour faire du sport - santé

Messagepar Nutrimuscle-Conseils » 25 Jan 2022 02:06

Short term exercise-induced protection of cardiovascular function and health: Why and how fast does the heart benefit from exercise?
Dick H. J. Thijssen, The Journal of Physiology 21 December 2021

Key points
Single or Short-term Exercise-induced Protection (SEP) attenuates the magnitude of cardiac and/or vascular damage in response to prolonged ischaemia and reperfusion injury (IR injury).
SEP activates multiple pathways to confer cardiac protection, which develops remotely at the site of the activated muscle by release of circulating molecules, which transfer towards activation of intramyocardial signalling that promotes cell survival during episodes of IR injury.
SEP represents an attractive intervention in aged individuals and in those with co-morbidities. The immediate protection, low cost, and simplicity to increase the ‘dose’ of SEP offers unique opportunities in the clinical applications of SEP.

Abstract
Regular exercise training has potent and powerful protective effects against the development of cardiovascular disease. These cardioprotective effects of regular exercise training are partly explained through the effects of exercise on traditional cardiovascular risk factors and improvement in cardiac and vascular health, which take several weeks to months to develop. This review focuses on the observation that single bouts of exercise may also possess an underrecognized, clinically useful form of immediate cardioprotection. Studies, performed in both animals and humans, demonstrate that single or Short-term Exercise-induced Protection (SEP) attenuates the magnitude of cardiac and/or vascular damage in response to prolonged ischaemia and reperfusion injury. This review highlights preclinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that SEP activates multiple pathways to confer immediate protection against ischemic events, reduce the severity of potentially lethal ischemic myocardial injury, and therefore act as a physiological first line of defence against injury. Given the fact that the extent of SEP could be modulated by exercise-related and subject-related factors, it is important to recognize and consider these factors to optimize future clinical implications of SEP. This review also summarises potential effector signalling pathways (i.e. communication between exercising muscles to vascular/cardiac tissue) and intracellular pathways (i.e. reducing tissue damage) that ultimately confer protection against cardiac and vascular injury. Finally, we discuss potential future directions for designing adequate human and animal studies that will support developing effective SEP strategies for the (multi-)diseased and aged individual.
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Re: Il n'est jamais trop tard pour faire du sport - santé

Messagepar Nutrimuscle-Diététique » 25 Jan 2022 13:56

Traduction de l'étude :wink:

Protection à court terme de la fonction et de la santé cardiovasculaire induite par l'exercice : pourquoi et à quelle vitesse le cœur bénéficie-t-il de l'exercice ?
Dick H. J. Thijssen, The Journal of Physiology 21 décembre 2021

Points clés
La protection induite par l'exercice (SEP) unique ou à court terme atténue l'ampleur des dommages cardiaques et/ou vasculaires en réponse à une ischémie prolongée et à une lésion de reperfusion (lésion IR).
Le SEP active plusieurs voies pour conférer une protection cardiaque, qui se développe à distance sur le site du muscle activé par la libération de molécules circulantes, qui se transfèrent vers l'activation de la signalisation intramyocardique qui favorise la survie cellulaire lors des épisodes de lésion IR.
Le SEP représente une intervention attrayante chez les personnes âgées et chez celles souffrant de comorbidités. La protection immédiate, le faible coût et la simplicité pour augmenter la « dose » de SEP offrent des opportunités uniques dans les applications cliniques de SEP.

Résumé
L'entraînement physique régulier a des effets protecteurs puissants et puissants contre le développement des maladies cardiovasculaires. Ces effets cardioprotecteurs de l'entraînement physique régulier s'expliquent en partie par les effets de l'exercice sur les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire traditionnels et l'amélioration de la santé cardiaque et vasculaire, qui mettent plusieurs semaines à plusieurs mois à se développer. Cette revue se concentre sur l'observation selon laquelle des périodes d'exercice uniques peuvent également posséder une forme de cardioprotection immédiate sous-reconnue et cliniquement utile. Des études, réalisées à la fois sur des animaux et sur des humains, démontrent que la protection induite par l'exercice (SEP) unique ou à court terme atténue l'ampleur des lésions cardiaques et/ou vasculaires en réponse à une ischémie prolongée et à une lésion de reperfusion. Cette revue met en lumière les preuves précliniques soutenant l'hypothèse selon laquelle la SEP active de multiples voies pour conférer une protection immédiate contre les événements ischémiques, réduire la gravité des lésions myocardiques ischémiques potentiellement mortelles et donc agir comme une première ligne de défense physiologique contre les lésions. Étant donné que l'étendue du SEP pourrait être modulée par des facteurs liés à l'exercice et au sujet, il est important de reconnaître et de prendre en compte ces facteurs pour optimiser les futures implications cliniques du SEP. Cette revue résume également les voies de signalisation effectrices potentielles (c'est-à-dire la communication entre les muscles en exercice et les tissus vasculaires/cardiaques) et les voies intracellulaires (c'est-à-dire la réduction des lésions tissulaires) qui confèrent finalement une protection contre les lésions cardiaques et vasculaires. Enfin, nous discutons des orientations futures potentielles pour la conception d'études humaines et animales adéquates qui soutiendront le développement de stratégies SEP efficaces pour les personnes (multi-)malades et âgées.
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