La glucosamine pour allonger la longévité?

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Associations of regular glucosamine use with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a large prospective cohort study
Zhi-Hao Li Ann Rheum Dis 2020;79:829–836.

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the associations of regular glucosamine use with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large prospective cohort.

Methods This population-based prospective cohort study included 495 077 women and men (mean (SD) age, 56.6 (8.1) years) from the UK Biobank study. Participants were recruited from 2006 to 2010 and were followed up through 2018. We evaluated all-cause mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, respiratory and digestive disease. HRs and 95% CIs for all-cause and cause-specific mortality were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for potential confounding variables.

Results At baseline, 19.1% of the participants reported regular use of glucosamine supplements. During a median follow-up of 8.9 years (IQR 8.3–9.7 years), 19 882 all-cause deaths were recorded, including 3802 CVD deaths, 8090 cancer deaths, 3380 respiratory disease deaths and 1061 digestive disease deaths. In multivariable adjusted analyses, the HRs associated with glucosamine use were 0.85 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.89) for all-cause mortality, 0.82 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.90) for CVD mortality, 0.94 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.99) for cancer mortality, 0.73 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.81) for respiratory mortality and 0.74 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.90) for digestive mortality. The inverse associations of glucosamine use with all-cause mortality seemed to be somewhat stronger among current than non-current smokers (p for interaction=0.00080).

Conclusions Regular glucosamine supplementation was associated with lower mortality due to all causes, cancer, CVD, respiratory and digestive diseases.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Glucosamine and chondroitin supplements are often taken
together in a single daily supplements,1
and it is therefore
possible that our observed associations are driven by either
of these supplements. To address this issue, we performed
sensitivity analyses examining the associations of glucosamine
use alone (excluding participants who took chondroitin) with
all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We found that the estimates did not change substantially. Therefore, it is likely that
glucosamine use may reduce the risk of mortality, regardless of
the co-administration of chondroitin.
Several potential mechanisms could explain the inverse association between glucosamine use and mortality. First, nuclear
factor-κB (NF-κB) has been implicated in several diseases, such
as inflammation-related CVD and cancers.34 Glucosamine use
may affect inflammation by inhibiting the transcription factor
NF-κB from translocating to the nucleus,6 35 reducing inflammation and thus lowering related mortality. Indeed, several
previous studies have demonstrated that such anti-inflammatory
properties of glucosamine might promote healthy outcomes.6–8
For example, glucosamine use was found to be associated with
a significant reduction of concentrations of C reactive protein.8
Reduction of this important marker for systemic inflammation36 could be related to subsequent lowering of morbidity and
mortality risk.37 38 Moreover, orally administered glucosamine
reduced the markers of inflammation in peripheral blood, as well
as atherosclerotic-induced femoral lesions, in a combined rabbit
model of chronic arthritis and atherosclerosis.39 Glucosamine
also prevented the development of inflammation-associated
aortic lesions.39 Aside from reducing inflammation, an animal
study reported that glucosamine use could trigger a mimic
response of a low carbohydrate diet, via reducing glycolysis and
increasing amino acid catabolism in mice.26 This could explain
the linkage between glucosamine use and its protective effect,
as population-based studies found that low carbohydrate diets
are indeed related to a reduced risk of mortality.27 40 In addition, several trials reported that a low carbohydrate diet could
promote beneficial health outcomes.41 42 Mechanisms other than
anti-inflammation, reducing glycolysis and increasing amino acid
catabolism might also be involved in mediating our observed
outcomes. Future studies are needed to explore the diverse pharmacological roles of glucosamine on different health outcomes

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Associations de l'utilisation régulière de glucosamine avec la mortalité toutes causes et causes spécifiques: une vaste étude de cohorte prospective
Zhi-Hao Li Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79: 829-836.

Abstrait
Objectifs Évaluer les associations de l'utilisation régulière de glucosamine avec la mortalité toutes causes et causes spécifiques dans une grande cohorte prospective.

Méthodes Cette étude de cohorte prospective basée sur la population a inclus 495 077 femmes et hommes (âge moyen (ET) 56,6 (8,1) ans) de l'étude UK Biobank. Les participants ont été recrutés de 2006 à 2010 et ont fait l'objet d'un suivi jusqu'en 2018. Nous avons évalué la mortalité toutes causes confondues et la mortalité due aux maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV), au cancer, aux maladies respiratoires et digestives. Les HR et les IC à 95% pour la mortalité toutes causes et par cause ont été calculés à l'aide des modèles de risques proportionnels de Cox avec ajustement pour les variables de confusion potentielles.

Résultats Au départ, 19,1% des participants ont signalé une utilisation régulière de suppléments de glucosamine. Au cours d'un suivi médian de 8,9 ans (IQR 8,3–9,7 ans), 19 882 décès toutes causes confondues ont été enregistrés, dont 3802 décès par MCV, 8090 décès par cancer, 3380 décès par maladie respiratoire et 1061 décès par maladie digestive. Dans les analyses ajustées multivariables, les HR associés à l'utilisation de glucosamine étaient de 0,85 (IC à 95% 0,82 à 0,89) pour la mortalité toutes causes, 0,82 (IC à 95% 0,74 à 0,90) pour la mortalité par MCV, 0,94 (IC à 95% 0,88 à 0,99) pour mortalité par cancer, 0,73 (IC à 95% 0,66 à 0,81) pour la mortalité respiratoire et 0,74 (IC à 95% 0,62 à 0,90) pour la mortalité digestive. Les associations inverses de l'utilisation de la glucosamine avec la mortalité toutes causes confondues semblaient être un peu plus fortes chez les fumeurs actuels que chez les fumeurs non actuels (p pour l'interaction = 0,00080).

Conclusions Une supplémentation régulière en glucosamine était associée à une mortalité plus faible pour toutes les causes, cancer, MCV, maladies respiratoires et digestives.

Des suppléments de glucosamine et de chondroïtine sont souvent pris
ensemble dans un seul supplément quotidien, 1
et c'est donc
possible que nos associations observées soient motivées soit par
de ces suppléments. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous avons effectué
analyses de sensibilité examinant les associations de glucosamine
utiliser seul (à l'exclusion des participants ayant pris de la chondroïtine) avec
mortalité toutes causes et causes spécifiques. Nous avons constaté que les estimations n'avaient pas beaucoup changé. Par conséquent, il est probable que
l'utilisation de glucosamine peut réduire le risque de mortalité, quel que soit
la co-administration de la chondroïtine.
Plusieurs mécanismes potentiels pourraient expliquer l'association inverse entre l'utilisation de glucosamine et la mortalité. Premièrement, le nucléaire
le facteur κB (NF-κB) a été impliqué dans plusieurs maladies, telles que
comme maladies cardiovasculaires et cancers liés à l'inflammation.34 Utilisation de glucosamine
peut affecter l'inflammation en inhibant le facteur de transcription
NF-κB de translocation vers le noyau, 6 35 réduisant l'inflammation et abaissant ainsi la mortalité associée. En effet, plusieurs
des études antérieures ont démontré que ces anti-inflammatoires
les propriétés de la glucosamine pourraient favoriser des résultats sains.6–8
Par exemple, l'utilisation de glucosamine s'est avérée associée à
une réduction significative des concentrations de protéine C réactive.8
La réduction de ce marqueur important de l'inflammation systémique36 pourrait être liée à une baisse ultérieure de la morbidité et
risque de mortalité.37 38 De plus, la glucosamine administrée par voie orale
réduit les marqueurs de l'inflammation dans le sang périphérique, ainsi que
sous forme de lésions fémorales athéroscléreuses, chez un lapin combiné
modèle d'arthrite chronique et d'athérosclérose.39 Glucosamine
a également empêché le développement de
lésions aortiques.39 En plus de réduire l'inflammation, un animal
étude a rapporté que l'utilisation de glucosamine pouvait déclencher une mimique
réponse d'un régime pauvre en glucides, via la réduction de la glycolyse et
augmentation du catabolisme des acides aminés chez la souris.26 Cela pourrait expliquer
le lien entre l'utilisation de la glucosamine et son effet protecteur,
car des études basées sur la population ont montré que les régimes pauvres en glucides
sont en effet liés à un risque réduit de mortalité.27 40 En outre, plusieurs essais ont rapporté qu'un régime pauvre en glucides pourrait
promouvoir des résultats de santé bénéfiques.41 42 Mécanismes autres que
anti-inflammatoire, réduisant la glycolyse et augmentant les acides aminés
le catabolisme pourrait également être impliqué dans la médiation de notre
les résultats. Des études futures sont nécessaires pour explorer les divers rôles pharmacologiques de la glucosamine sur différents résultats pour la santé

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Glucosamine Displays a Potent Caloric Restriction Mimetic Effect in Senescent Rats by Activating Mitohormosis
Raushan Kumar, Rejuvenation ResearchVol. 24, No. 3 16 Jun 2021

Aging is strongly correlated with several noncommunicable disorders such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative conditions. Glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose, GlcN) is a naturally occurring amino sugar and is reported to act as a caloric restriction mimetic (CRM). In young and d-galactose-induced accelerated rat aging models, we tested a persistent oral dietary dose of GlcN and evaluated various aging biomarkers in erythrocytes and plasma. A significant increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in GlcN-treated young and accelerated senescent rat model. Increased value of ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), superoxide dismutase, catalase, and plasma membrane redox system (PMRS) was observed. We suggest that GlcN induces a mitohormetic impact by a transient increase in ROS.

Our findings indicate that GlcN may be a successful CRM.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

La glucosamine affiche un puissant effet mimétique de restriction calorique chez les rats sénescents en activant la mitohormose
Raushan Kumar, Recherche sur le rajeunissement Vol. 24, n° 3 16 juin 2021

Le vieillissement est fortement corrélé à plusieurs troubles non transmissibles tels que le diabète, l'obésité, les maladies cardiovasculaires et les maladies neurodégénératives. La glucosamine (2-amino-2-désoxy-d-glucose, GlcN) est un sucre aminé naturel et agit comme un mimétique de restriction calorique (CRM). Dans des modèles de vieillissement accéléré de rats jeunes et induits par le d-galactose, nous avons testé une dose alimentaire orale persistante de GlcN et évalué divers biomarqueurs du vieillissement dans les érythrocytes et le plasma. Une augmentation significative des espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ROS) a été observée dans le modèle de rat sénescent jeune et accéléré traité par GlcN. Une valeur accrue de la capacité de réduction ferrique du plasma (FRAP), de la superoxyde dismutase, de la catalase et du système redox de la membrane plasmique (PMRS) a été observée. Nous suggérons que GlcN induit un impact mitohormétique par une augmentation transitoire des ROS.

Nos résultats indiquent que GlcN peut être un CRM efficace.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective study in UK Biobank
Hao Ma BMJ . 2019 May 14;365:l1628.

Abstract
Objective: To prospectively assess the association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: UK Biobank.

Participants: 466 039 participants without CVD at baseline who completed a questionnaire on supplement use, which included glucosamine. These participants were enrolled from 2006 to 2010 and were followed up to 2016.

Main outcome measures: Incident CVD events, including CVD death, coronary heart disease, and stroke.

Results: During a median follow-up of seven years, there were 10 204 incident CVD events, 3060 CVD deaths, 5745 coronary heart disease events, and 3263 stroke events. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, race, lifestyle factors, dietary intakes, drug use, and other supplement use, glucosamine use was associated with a significantly lower risk of total CVD events (hazard ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.80 to 0.90), CVD death (0.78, 0.70 to 0.87), coronary heart disease (0.82, 0.76 to 0.88), and stroke (0.91, 0.83 to 1.00).

Conclusion: Habitual use of glucosamine supplement to relieve osteoarthritis pain might also be related to lower risks of CVD events.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Risk of acute myocardial infarction among new users of chondroitin sulfate: A nested case-control study
Ramón Mazzucchelli PLoS One. 2021 Jul 12;16(7):e0253932.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the use of chondroitin sulfate (CS) or glucosamine reduces the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Design: Case-control study nested in a primary cohort of patients aged 40 to 99 years, using the database BIFAP during the 2002-2015 study period. From this cohort, we identified incident cases of AMI and randomly selected five controls per case, matched by exact age, gender, and index date. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed through a conditional logistic regression. Only new users of CS or glucosamine were considered.

Results: A total of 23,585 incident cases of AMI and 117,405 controls were included. Of them, 89 cases (0.38%) and 757 controls (0.64%) were current users of CS at index date, yielding an AOR of 0.57 (95%CI: 0.46-0.72). The reduced risk among current users was observed in both short-term (<365 days, AOR = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.45-0.75) and long-term users (>364 days AOR = 0.56; 95%CI:0.36-0.87), in both sexes (men, AOR = 0.52; 95%CI:0.38-0.70; women, AOR = 0.65; 95%CI:0.46-0.91), in individuals over or under 70 years of age (AOR = 0.54; 95%CI:0.38-0.77, and AOR = 0.61; 95%CI:0.45-0.82, respectively) and in individuals at intermediate (AOR = 0.65; 95%CI:0.48-0.91) and high cardiovascular risk (AOR = 0.48; 95%CI:0.27-0.83), but not in those at low risk (AOR = 1.11; 95%CI:0.48-2.56). In contrast, the current use of glucosamine was not associated with either increased or decreased risk of AMI (AOR = 0.86; 95%CI:0.66-1.08).

Conclusions: Our results support a cardioprotective effect of CS, while glucosamine seems to be neutral. The protection was remarkable among subgroups at high cardiovascular risk.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

The impact of glucosamine on age-related macular degeneration in patients: A nationwide, population-based cohort study
Kathy Ming Feng PLoS One . 2021 May 19;16(5):e0251925.

Purpose: To analyze the association between glucosamine (GlcN) use and the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using claims data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).

Methods: A retrospective, population-based study was conducted with NHIRD data from a 14-year period (2000-2013). Chi-squared and Student's t-tests were used to evaluate differences between the study and comparison cohorts for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Risk factors for disease development were examined by the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with 95% confidence interval. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare the cumulative risk of AMD between the two cohorts.

Results: In total, 1,344 patients with GlcN treatment were enrolled in the study cohort and 5,376 patients without GlcN use were enrolled in the comparison cohort. The incidence rate of AMD was lower with GlcN use (3.65%) than without GlcN use (5.26%) (P = 0.014). GlcN use was associated with a lower risk of developing AMD among patients with hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, other neurological disorders, or degenerative arthritis. Although the incidence of wet type AMD did not significantly differ (P = 0.91), the incidence of dry type AMD was lower in patients with GlcN use (2.9%) than those without GlcN use (4.84%) (P = 0.003). Kaplan-Meier analysis similarly revealed a lower rate of dry type AMD in patients with GlcN use compared to those without GlcN use (log-rank P = 0.004).

Conclusions: GlcN treatment can decrease the risk of developing dry type AMD. Further prospective controlled studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of GlcN treatment in patients with AMD and the associated mechanism.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Glucosamine/Chondroitin and Mortality in a US NHANES Cohort
Dana E King J Am Board Fam Med. Nov-Dec 2020;33(6):842-847.

Background: Limited previous studies in the United Kingdom or a single US state have demonstrated an association between intake of glucosamine/chondroitin and mortality. This study sought to investigate the association between regular consumption of glucosamine/chondroitin and overall and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality in a national sample of US adults.

Methods: Combined data from 16,686 participants in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2010, merged with the 2015 Public-use Linked Mortality File. Cox proportional hazards models were conducted for both CVD and all-cause mortality.

Results: In the study sample, there were 658 (3.94%) participants who had been taking glucosamine/chondroitin for a year or longer. During followup (median, 107 months), there were 3366 total deaths (20.17%); 674 (20.02%) were due to CVD. Respondents taking glucosamine/chondroitin were less likely to have CVD mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28-0.92). After controlling for age, use was associated with a 39% reduction in all-cause (HR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.49-0.77) and 65% reduction (HR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.20-0.61) in CVD mortality. Multivariable-adjusted HR showed that the association was maintained after adjustment for age, sex, race, education, smoking status, and physical activity (all-cause mortality, HR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.93; CVD mortality, HR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.75).

Conclusions: Regular intake of glucosamine/chondroitin is associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality in a national US cohort and the findings are consistent with previous studies in other populations. Prospective studies to confirm the link may be warranted.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Glucosamine Use, Inflammation, and Genetic Susceptibility, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study in UK Biobank
Hao Ma Diabetes Care . 2020 Apr;43(4):719-725.

Objective: Glucosamine is a widely used supplement typically taken for osteoarthritis and joint pain. Emerging evidence suggests potential links of glucosamine with glucose metabolism, inflammation, and cardiometabolic risk. We prospectively analyzed the association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and assessed whether genetic susceptibility and inflammation status might modify the association.

Research design and methods: This study analyzed 404,508 participants from the UK Biobank who were free of diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease at baseline and completed the questionnaire on supplement use. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between habitual use of glucosamine and risk of incident T2D.

Results: During a median of 8.1 years of follow-up, 7,228 incident cases of T2D were documented. Glucosamine use was associated with a significantly lower risk of T2D (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.78-0.89) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, race, center, Townsend deprivation index, lifestyle factors, history of disease, and other supplement use. This inverse association was more pronounced in participants with a higher blood level of baseline C-reactive protein than in those with a lower level of this inflammation marker (P-interaction = 0.02). A genetic risk score for T2D did not modify this association (P-interaction = 0.99).

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that glucosamine use is associated with a lower risk of incident T2D.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Utilisation de la glucosamine, inflammation, susceptibilité génétique et incidence du diabète de type 2 : une étude prospective dans la biobanque britannique
Soins du diabète de Hao Ma. Avr 2020;43(4):719-725.

Objectif : La glucosamine est un supplément largement utilisé généralement pris pour l'arthrose et les douleurs articulaires. De nouvelles preuves suggèrent des liens potentiels entre la glucosamine et le métabolisme du glucose, l'inflammation et le risque cardiométabolique. Nous avons analysé de manière prospective l'association entre l'utilisation habituelle de glucosamine et le risque de diabète de type 2 (DT2) et évalué si la susceptibilité génétique et le statut inflammatoire pouvaient modifier l'association.

Conception et méthodes de recherche : Cette étude a analysé 404 508 participants de la UK Biobank qui étaient indemnes de diabète, de cancer ou de maladie cardiovasculaire au départ et a rempli le questionnaire sur l'utilisation de suppléments. Des modèles de risques proportionnels de Cox ont été utilisés pour évaluer l'association entre l'utilisation habituelle de glucosamine et le risque de DT2 incident.

Résultats : Au cours d'un suivi médian de 8,1 ans, 7 228 cas incidents de DT2 ont été documentés. L'utilisation de glucosamine était associée à un risque significativement plus faible de DT2 (rapport de risque 0,83, IC à 95 % 0,78-0,89) après ajustement pour l'âge, le sexe, l'IMC, la race, le centre, l'indice de privation de Townsend, les facteurs liés au mode de vie, les antécédents de maladie et d'autres suppléments. utilisation. Cette association inverse était plus prononcée chez les participants ayant un niveau sanguin plus élevé de protéine C-réactive de base que chez ceux ayant un niveau inférieur de ce marqueur d'inflammation (interaction P = 0,02). Un score de risque génétique pour le DT2 n'a pas modifié cette association (P-interaction = 0,99).

Conclusions : Nos résultats indiquent que l'utilisation de glucosamine est associée à un risque plus faible de DT2 incident

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Glucosamine and Its Analogues as Modulators of Amyloid-β Toxicity
Ana R Araújo ACS Med Chem Lett. 2021 Mar 24;12(4):548-554.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are considered key mediators of synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. These unstable intermediate Aβ species can interfere with different cellular organelles, leading to neuronal cell death, through the formation of Ca2+-permeable membrane pores, impairment in the levels of acetylcholine neurotransmitters, increased insulin resistance, promotion of pro-inflammatory cascades, among others. Based on a series of evidences that indicate the key role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in amyloid plaque formation, we evaluated the capacity of four monosaccharides, i.e., glucosamine (GlcN), N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc), glucosamine-6-sulfate (GlcN6S), and glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P), to reduce the Aβ-mediated pathological hallmarks. The tested monosaccharides, in particular, GlcN6S and GlcN6P, were able to interact with Aβ aggregates, reducing neuronal cell death, Aβ-mediated damage to the cellular membrane, acetylcholinesterase activity, insulin resistance, and pro-inflammation levels.