La malbouffe réduit l'espérance de vie

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

A Systematic Review on Processed/Ultra-Processed Foods and Arterial Hypertension in Adults and Older People
by Suamy Sales Barbosa Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1215;

The increase in the availability of processed and ultra-processed foods has altered the eating patterns of populations, and these foods constitute an exposure factor for the development of arterial hypertension. This systematic review analyzed evidence of the association between consumption of processed/ultra-processed foods and arterial hypertension in adults and older people. Electronic searches for relevant articles were performed in the PUBMED, EMBASE and LILACS databases. The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The search of the databases led to the retrieval of 2323 articles, eight of which were included in the review. A positive association was found between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and blood pressure/arterial hypertension, whereas insufficient evidence was found for the association between the consumption of processed foods and arterial hypertension. The results reveal the high consumption of ultra-processed foods in developed and middle-income countries, warning of the health risks of such foods, which have a high energy density and are rich in salt, sugar and fat.

The findings underscore the urgent need for the adoption of measures that exert a positive impact on the quality of life of populations, especially those at greater risk, such as adults and older people.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Association between Alcohol Intake and Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review
by Rosaria Del Giorno Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1207;

Background: Arterial stiffness as assessed by Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) represents an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. Several dietary compounds and lifestyle factors could influence arterial stiffness. The debate on the significance of the correlation between alcohol consumption and arterial stiffness is still open, given that the relationship is complex and potentially affected by several factors such as alcohol type, consumption levels, gender and age differences. Objective: This systematic literature review aims to examine the evidence supporting an association between alcohol use and PWV, in electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library, from January 2010 to November 2020. Screening and full-text reviews were performed by three investigators and data extraction by two. Considering the significant heterogeneity of data only a qualitative analysis (systematic review) was performed.

Results: A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Alcohol consumption was independently associated with arterial stiffness in a J-shaped way in most of the studies included. A benefit of alcohol consumption on arterial stiffness was found in four experimental studies, whilst an unfavorable increasing linear association was found in four others. Associations were confirmed with both oscillometric and tonometric PWV assessment methods. In some studies, a gender and age correlation was found with a more pronounced association in older males. In all studies elevated levels of alcohol consumption were associated with a worsening of arterial stiffness.

Conclusions: Despite the variable findings across studies, the current review provides preliminary evidence that light-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with arterial stiffness values lower than expected, and evidence that high doses accelerate arterial ageing.

These findings could be useful for clinicians who provide recommendations for patients at cardiovascular (CV) risk. Nevertheless, given the heterogeneity of study designs, interventions, measurement methods and statistical evaluations, the protective role of moderate alcohol consumption on arterial stiffness is likely but not certain, warranting additional trials and evidence.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Association entre la consommation d'alcool et la raideur artérielle chez les adultes en bonne santé : une revue systématique
par Rosaria Del Giorno Nutriments 2022, 14(6), 1207;

Contexte : La rigidité artérielle, évaluée par la vitesse de l'onde de pouls (PWV), représente un prédicteur indépendant des maladies cardiovasculaires. Plusieurs composés alimentaires et facteurs liés au mode de vie pourraient influencer la rigidité artérielle. Le débat sur l'importance de la corrélation entre la consommation d'alcool et la raideur artérielle est toujours ouvert, étant donné que la relation est complexe et potentiellement affectée par plusieurs facteurs tels que le type d'alcool, les niveaux de consommation, le sexe et les différences d'âge. Objectif : Cette revue systématique de la littérature vise à examiner les preuves à l'appui d'une association entre la consommation d'alcool et le PWV, dans des bases de données électroniques telles que PubMed/MEDLINE et la Cochrane Library, de janvier 2010 à novembre 2020. La sélection et les revues de texte intégral ont été effectuées par trois investigateurs. et extraction de données par deux. Compte tenu de l'importante hétérogénéité des données, seule une analyse qualitative (revue systématique) a été effectuée.

Résultats : Au total, 13 études remplissaient les critères d'inclusion. La consommation d'alcool était indépendamment associée à la raideur artérielle en forme de J dans la plupart des études incluses. Un bénéfice de la consommation d'alcool sur la rigidité artérielle a été trouvé dans quatre études expérimentales, tandis qu'une association linéaire croissante défavorable a été trouvée dans quatre autres. Les associations ont été confirmées avec les méthodes d'évaluation oscillométriques et tonométriques de la PWV. Dans certaines études, une corrélation entre le sexe et l'âge a été trouvée avec une association plus prononcée chez les hommes plus âgés. Dans toutes les études, des niveaux élevés de consommation d'alcool étaient associés à une aggravation de la rigidité artérielle.

Conclusions : malgré les résultats variables d'une étude à l'autre, la présente revue fournit des preuves préliminaires qu'une consommation d'alcool légère à modérée est associée à des valeurs de rigidité artérielle inférieures aux attentes, et des preuves que des doses élevées accélèrent le vieillissement artériel.

Ces résultats pourraient être utiles aux cliniciens qui formulent des recommandations pour les patients à risque cardiovasculaire (CV). Néanmoins, compte tenu de l'hétérogénéité des plans d'étude, des interventions, des méthodes de mesure et des évaluations statistiques, le rôle protecteur d'une consommation modérée d'alcool sur la rigidité artérielle est probable mais pas certain, ce qui justifie des essais et des preuves supplémentaires.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Daily consumption of ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic risk factors in children aged 7 to 10 years in Northeast Brazil
Isabella da Costa Ribeiro, Nutrition and Health March 7, 2022

Background: Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption is associated with pediatric overweight and obesity. Aim: To evaluate the UPFs consumption in children classified either as eutrophic or with excess weight (overweight and obesity). It was also described the fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the correlation between UPFs consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: A total of 139 children aged 7–10years of both sexes, living in Northeast Brazil were classified as eutrophic (n = 65) or excess weight (n = 62). Waist circumference (WC), percentage of body fatness (% BF), fat-free-mass and fat mass were evaluated. Fasting blood sample were collected for biochemical analysis. Food consumption was classified according to the degree of processing.

Results: Children with excess weight had a reduction in plasma HDL concentration (45.00; IQR:36.00–54.50 mg/dL vs. 40.00; IQR:35.75–45.25 mg/dL; p = 0.021) and an increase in blood glucose (82.00; IQR:79.00–86.00 mg/dL vs. 86.00; IQR:81.00–90.00 mg/dL; p < 0.001) and TG (64.00; IQR:45.00–92.50 mg/dL vs. 81.00; IQR:57.50–111.75 mg/dL; p < 0.021) when compared with the eutrophic children. UPFs accounted for 43.43% of the total calories consumed by children. Children with excess weight had higher total energy consumption resulting from consumption of UPFs (714.30 ± 26.32 kcal vs. 848.06 ± 349.46 kcal; p = 0.011). The absolute consumption of the UPFs showed a positive correlation with WC (r = 0.202; p = 0.023) and %BF (r = 0.198; p = 0.026).

Conclusion: UPFs consumption was higher for children with excess weight and positively correlated with two cardiometabolic risk factors, suggesting the need for strengthening public policies that discourage the consumption of these foods.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

[b]Consommation quotidienne d'aliments ultra-transformés et facteurs de risque cardiométabolique chez les enfants de 7 à 10 ans dans le nord-est du Brésil
[/b]Isabella da Costa Ribeiro, Nutrition et santé 7 mars 2022

Contexte : La consommation d'aliments ultra-transformés (UPF) est associée au surpoids et à l'obésité pédiatriques. Objectif : Évaluer la consommation d'UPF chez des enfants classés soit eutrophes soit en surpoids (surpoids et obésité). Il a également été décrit la glycémie à jeun, le cholestérol total (TC), les triglycérides (TG), les lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL) et les lipoprotéines de basse densité (LDL) et la corrélation entre la consommation d'UPF et les facteurs de risque cardiométabolique. Méthodes : Un total de 139 enfants âgés de 7 à 10 ans des deux sexes, vivant dans le nord-est du Brésil, ont été classés comme eutrophes (n = 65) ou en surpoids (n = 62). Le tour de taille (WC), le pourcentage de graisse corporelle (% BF), la masse sans graisse et la masse grasse ont été évalués. Des échantillons de sang à jeun ont été prélevés pour analyse biochimique. La consommation alimentaire a été classée selon le degré de transformation.

Résultats : les enfants présentant un excès de poids présentaient une réduction de la concentration plasmatique de HDL (45,00 ; IQR : 36,00–54,50 mg/dL contre 40,00 ; IQR : 35,75–45,25 mg/dL; p = 0,021) et une augmentation de la glycémie (82,00 ; IQR :79,00–86,00 mg/dL contre 86,00 ; IQR :81,00–90,00 mg/dL ; p < 0,001) et TG (64,00 ; IQR :45,00–92,50 mg/dL contre 81,00 ; IQR :57,50–111,75 mg/dL) ; p < 0,021) par rapport aux enfants eutrophes. Les FPU représentaient 43,43 % du total des calories consommées par les enfants. Les enfants en surpoids avaient une consommation d'énergie totale plus élevée résultant de la consommation d'UPF (714,30 ± 26,32 kcal contre 848,06 ± 349,46 kcal ; p = 0,011). La consommation absolue des UPF a montré une corrélation positive avec WC (r = 0,202 ; p = 0,023) et %BF (r = 0,198 ; p = 0,026).

Conclusion : La consommation de FPU est plus élevée chez les enfants en surpoids et positivement corrélée à deux facteurs de risque cardiométabolique, suggérant la nécessité de renforcer les politiques publiques qui découragent la consommation de ces aliments.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Inflammatory potential of diet and bone mineral density in a senior Mediterranean population: a cross-sectional analysis of PREDIMED-Plus study
Jesús F. García-Gavilán, European Journal of Nutrition volume 61, pages1445–1455 (2022)

Purpose
Inflammation could play a key role in tissue damage and bone metabolism. The modified dietary inflammatory score (M-DIS) is a validated tool to estimate the inflammatory potential of the diet. In the present study, we evaluate the associations between the M-DIS and bone mineral density (BMD) in a senior Mediterranean population with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Methods
Baseline cross-sectional association between the M-DIS and bone mineral density was assessed in 1134 participants of the multicenter PREDIMED-Plus trial (aged 55–75 with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome). BMD was measured using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry scans and participants answered a food frequency questionnaire to determine the M-DIS. BMD was categorized as low BMD when T score was equal or lower than -1 and normal BMD in another case. Associations between BMD and M-DIS were evaluated by using linear and logistic regressions adjusted by other co-variates.

Results
Participants in the top tertile of the M-DIS had a lower BMD at total femur [β (95% CI) − 0.02 (− 0.04, − 0.01)], trochanter areas [β (95% CI) − 0.03 (− 0.05, − 0.01)] and lumbar spine area [β (95% CI) − 0.03 (− 0.07, 0.01)] (but in the last case, measures were less precise and hence not statistically significant) compared to those in the lower M-DIS tertile. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the odds of the total femur and femoral trochanter osteopenia/osteoporosis were higher in participants in the top tertile compared to those in the lowest tertile of M-DIS [OR (95% CI) 1.71 (1.12, 2.64), P for trend 0.015; 2.02 (1.29, 3.21), P for trend 0.002, respectively].

Conclusion
A high pro-inflammatory diet, measured by the M-DIS, is associated with lower BMD in a senior Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Ultra-processed food intake is associated with grip strength decline in middle-aged and older adults: a prospective analysis of the TCLSIH study
Shunming Zhang, European Journal of Nutrition volume 61, pages1331–1341 (2022)

Purpose
Ultra-processed foods make up more than 50% of daily energy consumed in Western countries and are rapidly increasing in China. However, little is known about the association between ultra-processed food intake and muscle strength, a predictor for physical disability in senior years. We aimed to investigate the association of ultra-processed food intake with longitudinal changes in grip strength among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included a total of 5409 adults aged 40 years and over (61.3% men). Ultra-processed food intake was obtained by means of a validated food frequency questionnaire and classified according to the NOVA classification system. Grip strength was measured annually using a handheld digital dynamometer. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between ultra-processed food intake and annualized change in grip strength and weight-adjusted grip strength.

Results
In the fully adjusted models, annualized changes in grip strength and weight-adjusted grip strength per 10% increment in the proportion of ultra-processed foods in the diet were − 0.3708 kg (95% confidence interval − 0.5687, − 0.1730; P < 0.001) and − 0.0057 kg/kg (95% confidence interval − 0.0086, − 0.0029; P < 0.0001), respectively. In analyses stratified by age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and healthy diet score, such associations were largely consistent in most subgroups (all P for interaction > 0.05).

Conclusions
Our data indicate that higher ultra-processed food intake was associated with faster grip strength decline in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

High Compliance to Mediterranean Diet Associates with Lower Platelet Activation and Liver Collagen Deposition in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
by Francesco Baratta Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1209;

The Mediterranean diet (Med-Diet) is considered the most effective dietary patterns to obtain weight loss in NAFLD patients. Previous evidence suggested that Med-Diet adherence could reduce cardiovascular risk and have a beneficial effect on NAFLD severity. Aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between Med-Diet adherence, platelet activation (PA), and liver collagen deposition. The study was performed in 655 consecutive NAFLD outpatients from the PLINIO study, a prospective observational cohort study aimed to identify non-conventional predictors of liver fibrosis progression in NAFLD. PA was measured by the serum thromboxane B2 (TxB2), and liver collagen deposition by N-terminal propeptide of type III collagen (Pro-C3). Adherence to the Med-diet was investigated by a short nine-item validated dietary questionnaire.

Patients with high Med-Diet adherence were older and had less metabolic syndrome and lower serum triglycerides, GGT, TxB2, and Pro-C3. At multivariate regression analyses, in the linear model, the Med-Diet score negatively correlated with both TxB2 (Beta = −0.106; p = 0.009) and Pro-C3 (Beta = −0.121; p = 0.002) and in the logistic model high adherence inversely correlated with higher TxB2 tertiles (II tertile: OR = 0.576, p = 0.044; III tertile: OR = 0.556, p = 0.026) and Pro-C3 tertile (III tertile: OR = 0.488, p = 0.013).

Low consumption of red meat inversely correlated with higher TxB2 tertile (II tertile: OR = 0.448, p < 0.001, III tertile: OR = 0.567, p = 0.004).

In conclusion, NAFLD patients with high adherence to the Med-Diet show lower PA and liver collagen deposition, suggesting a protective role of the Med-Diet against NAFLD progression and cardiovascular risk. In addition, the correlation between TxB2 and Pro-C3 suggests a link between NAFLD severity and cardiovascular risk.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Conformité élevée au régime méditerranéen associée à une activation plaquettaire et à un dépôt de collagène hépatique inférieurs chez les patients atteints de stéatose hépatique non alcoolique
par Francesco Baratta Nutriments 2022, 14(6), 1209 ;

Le régime méditerranéen (Med-Diet) est considéré comme le régime alimentaire le plus efficace pour obtenir une perte de poids chez les patients NAFLD. Des preuves antérieures suggéraient que l'adhésion à Med-Diet pourrait réduire le risque cardiovasculaire et avoir un effet bénéfique sur la gravité de la NAFLD. Le but de l'étude était d'étudier la relation entre l'adhésion à Med-Diet, l'activation plaquettaire (AP) et le dépôt de collagène dans le foie. L'étude a été réalisée chez 655 patients ambulatoires NAFLD consécutifs de l'étude PLINIO, une étude de cohorte observationnelle prospective visant à identifier les prédicteurs non conventionnels de la progression de la fibrose hépatique dans la NAFLD. L'AP a été mesurée par le thromboxane sérique B2 (TxB2) et le dépôt de collagène hépatique par le propeptide N-terminal du collagène de type III (Pro-C3). L'adhésion au Med-diet a été étudiée par un court questionnaire diététique validé en neuf points.

Les patients avec une adhésion élevée au Med-Diet étaient plus âgés et avaient moins de syndrome métabolique et des taux de triglycérides sériques, de GGT, de TxB2 et de Pro-C3 inférieurs. Lors des analyses de régression multivariées, dans le modèle linéaire, le score Med-Diet était corrélé négativement à la fois avec TxB2 (Beta = −0,106 ; p = 0,009) et Pro-C3 (Beta = −0,121 ; p = 0,002) et dans le modèle logistique élevé adhésion inversement corrélée avec les tertiles TxB2 supérieurs (tertile II : OR = 0,576, p = 0,044 ; tertile III : OR = 0,556, p = 0,026) et tertile Pro-C3 (tertile III : OR = 0,488, p = 0,013).

Une faible consommation de viande rouge est inversement corrélée à un tertile TxB2 plus élevé (II tertile : OR = 0,448, p < 0,001, III tertile : OR = 0,567, p = 0,004).

En conclusion, les patients NAFLD avec une forte adhésion au Med-Diet présentent un dépôt de PA et de collagène hépatique plus faible, suggérant un rôle protecteur du Med-Diet contre la progression de la NAFLD et le risque cardiovasculaire. De plus, la corrélation entre TxB2 et Pro-C3 suggère un lien entre la sévérité de la NAFLD et le risque cardiovasculaire.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

A Systematic Review on Processed/Ultra-Processed Foods and Arterial Hypertension in Adults and Older People
by Suamy Sales Barbosa Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1215;

The increase in the availability of processed and ultra-processed foods has altered the eating patterns of populations, and these foods constitute an exposure factor for the development of arterial hypertension. This systematic review analyzed evidence of the association between consumption of processed/ultra-processed foods and arterial hypertension in adults and older people. Electronic searches for relevant articles were performed in the PUBMED, EMBASE and LILACS databases. The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The search of the databases led to the retrieval of 2323 articles, eight of which were included in the review. A positive association was found between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and blood pressure/arterial hypertension, whereas insufficient evidence was found for the association between the consumption of processed foods and arterial hypertension.

The results reveal the high consumption of ultra-processed foods in developed and middle-income countries, warning of the health risks of such foods, which have a high energy density and are rich in salt, sugar and fat. The findings underscore the urgent need for the adoption of measures that exert a positive impact on the quality of life of populations, especially those at greater risk, such as adults and older people.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Un examen systématique des aliments transformés/ultra-transformés et de l'hypertension artérielle chez les adultes et les personnes âgées
par Suamy Sales Barbosa Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1215 ;

L'augmentation de la disponibilité des aliments transformés et ultra-transformés a modifié les habitudes alimentaires des populations, et ces aliments constituent un facteur d'exposition au développement de l'hypertension artérielle. Cette revue systématique a analysé les preuves de l'association entre la consommation d'aliments transformés/ultra-transformés et l'hypertension artérielle chez les adultes et les personnes âgées. Des recherches électroniques d'articles pertinents ont été effectuées dans les bases de données PUBMED, EMBASE et LILACS. L'examen a été effectué conformément aux lignes directrices PRISMA et à l'échelle Newcastle-Ottawa. La recherche dans les bases de données a permis de récupérer 2323 articles, dont huit ont été inclus dans la revue. Une association positive a été trouvée entre la consommation d'aliments ultra-transformés et la pression artérielle/hypertension artérielle, alors que des preuves insuffisantes ont été trouvées pour l'association entre la consommation d'aliments transformés et l'hypertension artérielle.

Les résultats révèlent la forte consommation d'aliments ultra-transformés dans les pays développés et à revenu intermédiaire, mettant en garde contre les risques pour la santé de ces aliments, qui ont une densité énergétique élevée et sont riches en sel, sucre et matières grasses. Les résultats soulignent le besoin urgent d'adopter des mesures qui exercent un impact positif sur la qualité de vie des populations, en particulier celles qui sont plus à risque, comme les adultes et les personnes âgées.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Ultra-processed food consumption and kidney function decline in a population-based cohort in the Netherlands
Qingqing Cai, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 28 March 2022

Background
Ultra-processing makes food products more convenient, appealing, and profitable. Recent studies show that high ultra-processed food (UPF) intake is associated with the cardio-metabolic disease.

Objectives
The aim of this study is to investigate the association between UPF consumption and risk of kidney function decline in the general population.

Methods
In a prospective general population-based Lifelines cohort from Northern Netherlands, 78 346 participants free of chronic kidney disease (CKD) at baseline responded to a 110-item food frequency questionnaire. We used multivariable regression analysis to study the association of the proportion (in gram/day) of UPF in the total diet with a composite kidney outcome (incident CKD or a ≥ 30% eGFR decline relative to baseline) and annual change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Results
On average, 37.7% of total food intake came from UPF. After 3.6 ± 0.9 years of follow-up, 2 470 participants (3.2%) reached the composite kidney outcome. Participants in the highest quartile of UPF consumption were associated with a higher risk of the composite kidney outcome (OR 1.27, [95% CI: 1.09, 1.47], P = 0.003) compared with those in the lowest quartile, regardless of macro/micronutrient intake or diet quality. Participants in the highest quartile had a more rapid eGFR decline (β –0.17, [95% CI: –0.23, –0.11], P < 0.001) compared with those in the lowest quartile. Associations were generally consistent across different subgroups.

Conclusions
Higher UPF consumption was associated with a higher risk of a composite kidney outcome (incident CKD or ≥ 30% eGFR decline) and a more rapid eGFR decline in the general population, independent of confounders and other dietary indices.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load intake, and risk of lung cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies
Lin Zhu Nutrition Available online 1 April 2022, 111676

Highlights
• High glycemic index significantly increases lung cancer risk.
• Glycemic load is unrelated to lung cancer risk.
• The source of heterogeneity in glycemic load and lung cancer risk was analyzed.
• Glycemic index intake was linearly related to lung cancer risk.

Objective
This meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and lung cancer risk, which has been controversial in previous studies.

Methods
We searched online literature databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for relevant studies published up to October 2021 in English only. We included case-control and cohort studies that reported relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between dietary GI or GL intake and lung cancer risk. Either a fixed- or random-effects model was used to estimate pooled RRs. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, publication bias test, and dose-response meta-analysis were performed.

Results
We identified nine studies eligible for meta-analysis with a total of 32,810 cases and 351,013 controls. The pooled RR for highest versus lowest intake was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.03-1.26, I2=64.8%, p=0.002) for GI and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.84-1.02, I2=42.3%, p=0.076) for GL. Further subgroup analysis showed that the associations between GI or GL and lung cancer were similar between groups. Sensitivity analysis revealed reduced heterogeneity among GL-related studies when one particular study was excluded. There was no evidence of publication bias. A linear association between GI intake and lung cancer risk was observed.

Conclusions
The present meta-analysis of observational studies suggests that high dietary GI intake is associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer in a linear fashion. However, no significant association was observed between GL and lung cancer risk.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Indice glycémique alimentaire, apport de charge glycémique et risque de cancer du poumon : une méta-analyse d'études observationnelles
Lin Zhu Nutrition Disponible en ligne le 1er avril 2022, 111676

Points forts
• Un index glycémique élevé augmente considérablement le risque de cancer du poumon.
• La charge glycémique n'est pas liée au risque de cancer du poumon.
• La source d'hétérogénéité de la charge glycémique et du risque de cancer du poumon a été analysée.
• L'apport d'index glycémique était linéairement lié au risque de cancer du poumon.

Objectif
Cette méta-analyse a évalué la relation entre l'indice glycémique (IG) alimentaire, la charge glycémique (CG) et le risque de cancer du poumon, ce qui a été controversé dans des études antérieures.

Méthodes
Nous avons effectué des recherches dans des bases de données de littérature en ligne telles que PubMed, Embase, Web of Science et Cochrane Library pour trouver des études pertinentes publiées jusqu'en octobre 2021 en anglais uniquement. Nous avons inclus des études cas-témoins et de cohorte qui rapportaient des risques relatifs (RR) et des intervalles de confiance (IC) à 95 % pour les associations entre l'apport alimentaire en IG ou en GL et le risque de cancer du poumon. Un modèle à effets fixes ou à effets aléatoires a été utilisé pour estimer les RR regroupés. Une analyse de sous-groupe, une analyse de sensibilité, une méta-régression, un test de biais de publication et une méta-analyse dose-réponse ont été réalisées.

Résultats
Nous avons identifié neuf études éligibles pour une méta-analyse avec un total de 32 810 cas et 351 013 témoins. Le RR combiné pour l'apport le plus élevé par rapport à l'apport le plus faible était de 1,14 (IC à 95 % : 1,03-1,26, I2 = 64,8 %, p = 0,002) pour l'IG et de 0,93 (IC à 95 % : 0,84-1,02, I2 = 42,3 %, p = 0,076) pour GL. Une analyse plus approfondie des sous-groupes a montré que les associations entre GI ou GL et le cancer du poumon étaient similaires entre les groupes. L'analyse de sensibilité a révélé une hétérogénéité réduite entre les études liées au GL lorsqu'une étude particulière était exclue. Il n'y avait aucune preuve de biais de publication. Une association linéaire entre l'apport gastro-intestinal et le risque de cancer du poumon a été observée.

conclusion
La présente méta-analyse d'études observationnelles suggère qu'un apport alimentaire élevé en IG est associé à un risque significativement accru de cancer du poumon de manière linéaire. Cependant, aucune association significative n'a été observée entre GL et le risque de cancer du poumon.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Public Health Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Concern about Ultra-Processed Food Consumption
by Sara De Nucci Foods 2022, 11(7), 950;

Introduction: There is scientific consistency in the concept of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) as a descriptor of an unhealthy diet. The most recent literature points to troubling evidence that policies adopted to address the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may have contributed to diverting eating habits toward a poorer diet. Considering the historically unique SARS-CoV-2 pandemic lockdown scenario, and the health burden imposed by UPFs on human health, it is critical to investigate how the epidemic has influenced UPF intake directly. Reviewing the literature, we aimed to assess the changes in the consumption of UPFs during the pandemic lockdown compared to previous habits in the general population.

Methods: Consulting six databases, we examined articles investigating the consumption of UPFs according to the NOVA classification both before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and during lockdowns. In total, 28 reports were included in the final analysis.

Results: A clear trend of an increasing consumption of sweets (chocolate, candy, cookies, pastries, cakes, desserts, and confectionery, 31.75% increase vs. 21.06% decrease), packaged fatty or salty snacks (23.71% increase vs. 20.73% decrease), and baked goods (bread products, pizza, and sandwiches, 28.03% increase vs. 13.5% decrease) emerged, versus a decrease in ready-to-eat dishes (16.2% increase vs. 22.62% decrease) and ready-made meals (10.6% increase vs. 31.43% decrease), such as instant soups, canned foods, fast food, and chips, as well as sugary drinks in general (14.55% increase vs. 22.65% decrease). No trend was observed for processed meat consumption.

Conclusion: The current pandemic scenario raises concerns about the increased consumption of UPFs, especially sweets, snacks, and baked goods, and points to an urgent need to implement policy strategies to manage the trade in these foods from a preventive perspective.