Quels effets santé des oméga 3?

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Dietary intake, biomarkers and supplementation of fatty acids and risk of coronary events: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective observational studies
Ahmad Jayedi Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 26 Aug 2023

We aimed to review the association of dietary fats and risk of coronary events in adults. We searched PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Sciences to April 2022 for prospective cohorts and randomized trials investigating the association of dietary intake and biomarkers of fats and fatty acid interventions and the risk of coronary events. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to estimate relative risk (RR) for the top versus bottom tertiles of exposures.

One-hundered sixty-five prospective cohorts and randomized trials were included. Dietary intake and biomarkers of total fat and saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were not associated with the risk of coronary events. Dietary intake of trans fatty acids, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and saturated fatty acids from meat and unprocessed meat was modestly associated with a higher risk and, in contrast, intake of alpha-linolenic acid, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, and linoleic acid was modestly associated with a lower risk. Supplementation with long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and increasing the consumption of alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids in place of saturated fats reduced the risk of coronary events. Existing evidence, in its totality, provides a modest support in favor of current recommendations suggesting replacement of saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats.

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Association of Fish Oil Supplementation with Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Individuals with Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Prospective Study in the UK Biobank
by Xiaohui Liu Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3176;

This study aimed to explore the association between habitual intake of fish oil supplementation and the risk of developing CHD in patients with prediabetes and diabetes. Habitual use of fish oil was assessed by repeated questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over a median follow-up of 11.6 years, 4304 and 3294 CHD cases were documented among 47,663 individuals with prediabetes and 22,146 patients with diabetes in the UK Biobank, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, the HRs (95% CI) of CHD were 0.91 (0.85–0.98) and 0.87 (0.80–0.95) for individuals utilizing fish oil supplementation compared with non-users among the participants with prediabetes and diabetes, respectively. Furthermore, we identified an inverse relationship between fish oil use and CHD incidence, which was significantly mediated by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in individuals with prediabetes and by very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in patients with diabetes at baseline. The inverse associations were consistent in the analyses stratified by potential confounders. In conclusion, the consumption of fish oil supplements was linked to decreased serum CRP and VLDL-C levels and subsequent CHD risk among adults with prediabetes and diabetes.

Our findings highlight the important role of the habitual intake of fish oil supplements in preventing CHD in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Association de la supplémentation en huile de poisson avec le risque de maladie coronarienne chez les personnes atteintes de diabète et de prédiabète : une étude prospective dans la biobanque britannique
par Xiaohui Liu Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3176 ;

Cette étude visait à explorer l'association entre la consommation habituelle de suppléments d'huile de poisson et le risque de développer une maladie coronarienne chez les patients atteints de prédiabète et de diabète. L'utilisation habituelle d'huile de poisson a été évaluée par des questionnaires répétés. Des modèles de risque proportionnel de Cox ont été appliqués pour calculer les rapports de risque (HR) et les intervalles de confiance (IC) à 95 %. Sur un suivi médian de 11,6 ans, 4 304 et 3 294 cas de maladies coronariennes ont été documentés respectivement parmi 47 663 personnes atteintes de prédiabète et 22 146 patients diabétiques dans la biobanque britannique. Après ajustement multivarié, les HR (IC à 95 %) des maladies coronariennes étaient de 0,91 (0,85 à 0,98) et de 0,87 (0,80 à 0,95) pour les personnes utilisant une supplémentation en huile de poisson par rapport aux non-utilisateurs parmi les participants atteints de prédiabète et de diabète, respectivement. De plus, nous avons identifié une relation inverse entre la consommation d'huile de poisson et l'incidence des maladies coronariennes, qui était médiée de manière significative par les taux sériques de protéine C-réactive (CRP) chez les individus atteints de prédiabète et par le cholestérol des lipoprotéines de très basse densité (VLDL-C) chez les patients atteints de diabète au départ. Les associations inverses étaient cohérentes dans les analyses stratifiées par facteurs de confusion potentiels. En conclusion, la consommation de suppléments d’huile de poisson était liée à une diminution des taux sériques de CRP et de VLDL-C et au risque ultérieur de maladies coronariennes chez les adultes atteints de prédiabète et de diabète.

Nos résultats mettent en évidence le rôle important de la consommation habituelle de suppléments d’huile de poisson dans la prévention des maladies coronariennes chez les personnes présentant un métabolisme du glucose altéré.

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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve intestinal barrier integrity—albeit to a lesser degree than short-chain fatty acids: an exploratory analysis of the randomized controlled LIBRE trial
European Journal of Nutrition volume 62, pages2779–2791 (2023)

Purpose
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with beneficial health effects, including gastrointestinal disorders. Preclinical studies suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), found in Mediterranean foods like nuts and fish, improve intestinal barrier integrity. Here, we assessed possible effects of n-3 PUFAs on barrier integrity in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods
We studied 68 women from the open-label LIBRE trial (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02087592) who followed either a Mediterranean diet (intervention group, IG) or a standard diet (control group, CG). Study visits comprised baseline, month 3, and month 12. Barrier integrity was assessed by plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and fecal zonulin; fatty acids by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Median and interquartile ranges are shown.

Results
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased the proportion of the n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (IG + 1.5% [0.9;2.5, p < 0.001]/ + 0.3% [− 0.1;0.9, p < 0.050] after 3/12 months; CG + 0.9% [0.5;1.6, p < 0.001]/ ± 0%) and decreased plasma LBP (IG − 0.3 µg/ml [− 0.6;0.1, p < 0.010]/ − 0.3 µg/ml [− 1.1; − 0.1, p < 0.001]; CG − 0.2 µg/ml [− 0.8; − 0.1, p < 0.001]/ ± 0 µg/ml) and fecal zonulin levels (IG − 76 ng/mg [− 164; − 12, p < 0.010]/ − 74 ng/mg [− 197;15, p < 0.001]; CG − 59 ng/mg [− 186;15, p < 0.050]/ + 10 ng/mg [− 117;24, p > 0.050]). Plasma DHA and LBP (R2: 0.14–0.42; all p < 0.070), as well as plasma DHA and fecal zonulin (R2: 0.18–0.48; all p < 0.050) were found to be inversely associated in bi- and multivariate analyses. Further multivariate analyses showed that the effect of DHA on barrier integrity was less pronounced than the effect of fecal short-chain fatty acids on barrier integrity.

Conclusions
Our data show that n-3 PUFAs can improve intestinal barrier integrity.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve intestinal barrier integrity—albeit to a lesser degree than short-chain fatty acids: an exploratory analysis of the randomized controlled LIBRE trial
European Journal of Nutrition volume 62, pages2779–2791 (2023)

Purpose
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with beneficial health effects, including gastrointestinal disorders. Preclinical studies suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), found in Mediterranean foods like nuts and fish, improve intestinal barrier integrity. Here, we assessed possible effects of n-3 PUFAs on barrier integrity in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods
We studied 68 women from the open-label LIBRE trial (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02087592) who followed either a Mediterranean diet (intervention group, IG) or a standard diet (control group, CG). Study visits comprised baseline, month 3, and month 12. Barrier integrity was assessed by plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and fecal zonulin; fatty acids by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Median and interquartile ranges are shown.

Results
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased the proportion of the n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (IG + 1.5% [0.9;2.5, p < 0.001]/ + 0.3% [− 0.1;0.9, p < 0.050] after 3/12 months; CG + 0.9% [0.5;1.6, p < 0.001]/ ± 0%) and decreased plasma LBP (IG − 0.3 µg/ml [− 0.6;0.1, p < 0.010]/ − 0.3 µg/ml [− 1.1; − 0.1, p < 0.001]; CG − 0.2 µg/ml [− 0.8; − 0.1, p < 0.001]/ ± 0 µg/ml) and fecal zonulin levels (IG − 76 ng/mg [− 164; − 12, p < 0.010]/ − 74 ng/mg [− 197;15, p < 0.001]; CG − 59 ng/mg [− 186;15, p < 0.050]/ + 10 ng/mg [− 117;24, p > 0.050]). Plasma DHA and LBP (R2: 0.14–0.42; all p < 0.070), as well as plasma DHA and fecal zonulin (R2: 0.18–0.48; all p < 0.050) were found to be inversely associated in bi- and multivariate analyses. Further multivariate analyses showed that the effect of DHA on barrier integrity was less pronounced than the effect of fecal short-chain fatty acids on barrier integrity.

Conclusions
Our data show that n-3 PUFAs can improve intestinal barrier integrity.

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Prospective associations between diet quality, dietary components, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in older British men
European Journal of Nutrition volume 62, pages2793–2804 (2023)

Purpose
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is a major public health challenge. This study investigated the prospective relationships between diet quality, dietary components, and risk of CMM in older British men.

Methods
We used data from the British Regional Heart Study of 2873 men aged 60–79 free of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) at baseline. CMM was defined as the coexistence of two or more cardiometabolic diseases, including MI, stroke, and T2D. Sourcing baseline food frequency questionnaire, the Elderly Dietary Index (EDI), which was a diet quality score based on Mediterranean diet and MyPyramid for Older Adults, was generated. Cox proportional hazards regression and multi-state model were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
During a median follow-up of 19.3 years, 891 participants developed first cardiometabolic disease (FCMD), and 109 developed CMM. Cox regression analyses found no significant association between baseline EDI and risk of CMM. However, fish/seafood consumption, a dietary component of the EDI score, was inversely associated with risk of CMM, with HR 0.44 (95% CI 0.26, 0.73) for consuming fish/seafood 1–2 days/week compared to less than 1 day/week after adjustment. Further analyses with multi-state model showed that fish/seafood consumption played a protective role in the transition from FCMD to CMM.

Conclusions
Our study did not find a significant association of baseline EDI with CMM but showed that consuming more fish/seafood per week was associated with a lower risk of transition from FCMD to CMM in older British men.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Associations prospectives entre la qualité de l'alimentation, les composants alimentaires et le risque de multimorbidité cardiométabolique chez les hommes britanniques âgés
Journal européen de nutrition volume 62, pages 2793-2804 (2023)

But
La multimorbidité cardiométabolique (MMC) constitue un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Cette étude a examiné les relations prospectives entre la qualité du régime alimentaire, les composants alimentaires et le risque de CMM chez les hommes britanniques âgés.

Méthodes
Nous avons utilisé les données de la British Regional Heart Study portant sur 2 873 hommes âgés de 60 à 79 ans, exempts d'infarctus du myocarde (IM), d'accident vasculaire cérébral et de diabète de type 2 (DT2) au départ. La CMM a été définie comme la coexistence de deux ou plusieurs maladies cardiométaboliques, notamment l’IM, l’accident vasculaire cérébral et le DT2. Un questionnaire de base sur la fréquence des aliments, l'indice diététique des personnes âgées (EDI), qui était un score de qualité alimentaire basé sur le régime méditerranéen et MyPyramid for Older Adults, a été généré. La régression à risques proportionnels de Cox et le modèle multi-états ont été utilisés pour estimer les rapports de risque (HR) et les intervalles de confiance (IC) à 95 %.

Résultats
Au cours d'un suivi médian de 19,3 ans, 891 participants ont développé une première maladie cardiométabolique (FCMD) et 109 ont développé une CMM. Les analyses de régression de Cox n'ont trouvé aucune association significative entre l'EDI de base et le risque de CMM. Cependant, la consommation de poisson/fruits de mer, une composante alimentaire du score EDI, était inversement associée au risque de CMM, avec un HR de 0,44 (IC à 95 % 0,26, 0,73) pour la consommation de poisson/fruits de mer 1 à 2 jours/semaine, contre moins de 1. jour/semaine après ajustement. Des analyses plus approfondies avec un modèle multi-états ont montré que la consommation de poisson et de fruits de mer jouait un rôle protecteur dans la transition du FCMD au CMM.

Conclusions
Notre étude n'a pas trouvé d'association significative entre l'EDI de base et le CMM, mais a montré que la consommation de plus de poisson/fruits de mer par semaine était associée à un risque plus faible de transition du FCMD au CMM chez les hommes britanniques plus âgés.

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Integration of methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) on dietary intake on DNA methylation levels: an example of n-3 PUFA and ABCA1 gene
Ryosuke Fujii, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 77, pages881–887 (2023)

Background
Epigenetic studies have reported relationships between dietary nutrient intake and methylation levels. However, genetic variants that may affect DNA methylation (DNAm) pattern, called methylation quantitative loci (mQTL), are usually overlooked in these analyses. We investigated whether mQTL change the relationship between dietary nutrient intake and leukocyte DNAm levels with an example of estimated fatty acid intake and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1).

Methods
A cross-sectional study on 231 participants (108 men, mean age: 62.7 y) without clinical history of cancer and no prescriptions for dyslipidemia. We measured leukocyte DNAm levels of 8 CpG sites within ABCA1 gene by pyrosequencing method and used mean methylation levels for statistical analysis. TaqMan assay was used for genotyping a genetic variant of ABCA1 (rs1800976). Dietary fatty acid intake was estimated with a validated food frequency questionnaire and adjusted for total energy intake by using residual methods.

Results
Mean ABCA1 DNAm levels were 5% lower with the number of minor alleles in rs1800976 (CC, 40.6%; CG, 35.9%; GG, 30.6%). Higher dietary n-3 PUFA intake was associated with lower ABCA1 DNAm levels (1st (ref) vs. 4th, β [95% CI]: –2.52 [–4.77, –0.28]). After controlling for rs180076, the association between dietary n-3 PUFA intake and ABCA1 DNAm levels was attenuated, but still showed an independent association (1st (ref) vs. 4th, β [95% CI]: –2.00 [–3.84, –0.18]). The interaction of mQTL and dietary n-3 PUFA intake on DNAm levels was not significant.

Conclusions
This result suggested that dietary n-3 PUFA intake would be an independent predictor of DNAm levels in ABCA1 gene after adjusting for individual genetic background. Considering mQTL need to broaden into other genes and nutrients for deeper understanding of DNA methylation, which can contribute to personalized nutritional intervention.

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Intégration des locus de caractères quantitatifs de méthylation (mQTL) dans l'apport alimentaire sur les niveaux de méthylation de l'ADN : un exemple des AGPI n-3 et du gène ABCA1
Ryosuke Fujii, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 77, pages 881-887 (2023)

Arrière-plan
Des études épigénétiques ont rapporté des relations entre l'apport en nutriments alimentaires et les niveaux de méthylation. Cependant, les variantes génétiques susceptibles d’affecter le modèle de méthylation de l’ADN (DNAm), appelés locus quantitatifs de méthylation (mQTL), sont généralement négligées dans ces analyses. Nous avons étudié si mQTL modifiait la relation entre l'apport en nutriments alimentaires et les niveaux d'ADNm leucocytaire avec un exemple d'apport estimé en acides gras et du transporteur A1 de cassette de liaison à l'ATP (ABCA1).

Méthodes
Une étude transversale portant sur 231 participants (108 hommes, âge moyen : 62,7 ans) sans antécédents cliniques de cancer et sans prescription pour dyslipidémie. Nous avons mesuré les niveaux d'ADNm leucocytaire de 8 sites CpG dans le gène ABCA1 par la méthode de pyroséquençage et utilisé les niveaux moyens de méthylation pour l'analyse statistique. Le test TaqMan a été utilisé pour génotyper une variante génétique de ABCA1 (rs1800976). L'apport alimentaire en acides gras a été estimé à l'aide d'un questionnaire validé sur la fréquence des aliments et ajusté à l'apport énergétique total à l'aide de méthodes résiduelles.
Résultats
Les niveaux moyens d'ADNm ABCA1 étaient inférieurs de 5 % avec le nombre d'allèles mineurs dans rs1800976 (CC, 40,6 % ; CG, 35,9 % ; GG, 30,6 %). Un apport alimentaire plus élevé en AGPI n-3 était associé à des taux d'ADNm ABCA1 plus faibles (1er (réf) vs 4e, β [IC à 95 %] : –2,52 [–4,77, –0,28]). Après contrôle du rs180076, l'association entre l'apport alimentaire en AGPI n-3 et les niveaux d'ADNm ABCA1 a été atténuée, mais a toujours montré une association indépendante (1er (réf) vs 4ème, β [IC à 95 %] : –2,00 [–3,84, – 0,18]). L’interaction du mQTL et de l’apport alimentaire en AGPI n-3 sur les niveaux d’ADNm n’était pas significative.

Conclusions
Ce résultat suggère que l'apport alimentaire en AGPI n-3 serait un prédicteur indépendant des niveaux d'ADNm dans le gène ABCA1 après ajustement en fonction du contexte génétique individuel. Considérant que mQTL doit s'élargir à d'autres gènes et nutriments pour une compréhension plus approfondie de la méthylation de l'ADN, ce qui peut contribuer à une intervention nutritionnelle personnalisée.

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Association between fish intake and prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older adults after 4-year follow-up: the Korean frailty and aging cohort study
Jeonghwan Ahn Front. Nutr., 29 August 2023

Cross-sectional epidemiological studies suggested the intake of fish and seafood was negatively associated with the prevalence of frailty. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the prevalence of frailty is negatively associated with the consumption of total seafood and fish at baseline and 4-year follow-up. Using a multicenter longitudinal study of community-dwelling Korean adults aged 70–84 years old, 953 participants at baseline and 623 participants at 4-year follow-up were included after excluding participants without data on frailty or dietary intake in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Frailty was defined using the Cardiovascular Health Study index, and participants with scores ≥3 were considered frail. The trained dietitians obtained two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls during spring and fall at baseline. The prevalence of frailty was 13.5%. The intake of fish (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.24–0.91; p for trend = 0.028) and total seafood (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.18–0.68; p for trend = 0.002) at baseline was associated with frailty at 4-year follow-up after adjusting for the confounding factors. The intake of fish and total seafood at the baseline was negatively associated with the prevalence of exhaustion, low handgrip strength, and slow gait speed at 4-year follow-up. However, shellfish intake was not associated with frailty. In addition, the intake of fish, shellfish, and total seafood did not differ among the frailty transition groups in terms of deterioration, persistence, and reversal. The total consumption of seafood, particularly fish, could be beneficial for preventing frailty in Korean community-dwelling older adults. In particular, the consumption of fish (total seafood) at baseline could be beneficial for preventing exhaustion, low handgrip strength, and slow gait speed at 4-year follow-up.




Moradell et al. (27) reported that intake of n-3 PUFA has been shown to be significantly lower in frail (2.0 ± 0.2 g/day) than in non-frail (3.2 ± 0.3 g/day) older Spanish adults. Previously, we have shown that the erythrocyte levels of n-3 PUFA, such as EPA and DHA were inversely associated with the likelihood of frailty in older Korean adults from KFACS (22). In the secondary analysis of the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) study, erythrocyte levels of EPA and DHA were lower in frail than in non-frail older French adults with spontaneous memory complaint, limitations in one instrumental activity of daily living, or < 0.8 m/s gait speed at the baseline (28). However, in the MAPT study, the erythrocyte levels of EPA and DHA were not significantly associated with the incidence of frailty in the 5-year follow-up, as 50% participants were supplemented with 1 g/day of EPA and DHA during the first 3 years (28).

[Nutrimuscle-Conseils]

Association between fish intake and prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older adults after 4-year follow-up: the Korean frailty and aging cohort study
Jeonghwan Ahn Front. Nutr., 29 August 2023

Cross-sectional epidemiological studies suggested the intake of fish and seafood was negatively associated with the prevalence of frailty. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the prevalence of frailty is negatively associated with the consumption of total seafood and fish at baseline and 4-year follow-up. Using a multicenter longitudinal study of community-dwelling Korean adults aged 70–84 years old, 953 participants at baseline and 623 participants at 4-year follow-up were included after excluding participants without data on frailty or dietary intake in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Frailty was defined using the Cardiovascular Health Study index, and participants with scores ≥3 were considered frail. The trained dietitians obtained two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls during spring and fall at baseline. The prevalence of frailty was 13.5%. The intake of fish (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.24–0.91; p for trend = 0.028) and total seafood (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.18–0.68; p for trend = 0.002) at baseline was associated with frailty at 4-year follow-up after adjusting for the confounding factors. The intake of fish and total seafood at the baseline was negatively associated with the prevalence of exhaustion, low handgrip strength, and slow gait speed at 4-year follow-up. However, shellfish intake was not associated with frailty. In addition, the intake of fish, shellfish, and total seafood did not differ among the frailty transition groups in terms of deterioration, persistence, and reversal. The total consumption of seafood, particularly fish, could be beneficial for preventing frailty in Korean community-dwelling older adults. In particular, the consumption of fish (total seafood) at baseline could be beneficial for preventing exhaustion, low handgrip strength, and slow gait speed at 4-year follow-up.




Moradell et al. (27) reported that intake of n-3 PUFA has been shown to be significantly lower in frail (2.0 ± 0.2 g/day) than in non-frail (3.2 ± 0.3 g/day) older Spanish adults. Previously, we have shown that the erythrocyte levels of n-3 PUFA, such as EPA and DHA were inversely associated with the likelihood of frailty in older Korean adults from KFACS (22). In the secondary analysis of the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) study, erythrocyte levels of EPA and DHA were lower in frail than in non-frail older French adults with spontaneous memory complaint, limitations in one instrumental activity of daily living, or < 0.8 m/s gait speed at the baseline (28). However, in the MAPT study, the erythrocyte levels of EPA and DHA were not significantly associated with the incidence of frailty in the 5-year follow-up, as 50% participants were supplemented with 1 g/day of EPA and DHA during the first 3 years (28).

[Nutrimuscle-Diététique]

Traduction de l'étude

Association entre la consommation de poisson et la prévalence de la fragilité chez les personnes âgées vivant dans la communauté après un suivi de 4 ans : l'étude de cohorte coréenne sur la fragilité et le vieillissement
Front Jeonghwan Ahn. Nutr., 29 août 2023

Des études épidémiologiques transversales suggèrent que la consommation de poisson et de fruits de mer est associée négativement à la prévalence de la fragilité. Cette étude visait à étudier l'hypothèse selon laquelle la prévalence de la fragilité est négativement associée à la consommation totale de fruits de mer et de poisson au départ et au suivi de 4 ans. À l'aide d'une étude longitudinale multicentrique portant sur des adultes coréens vivant dans la communauté et âgés de 70 à 84 ans, 953 participants au départ et 623 participants au suivi après 4 ans ont été inclus après avoir exclu les participants sans données sur la fragilité ou l'apport alimentaire dans l'étude coréenne Frailty and Aging. Étude de cohorte. La fragilité a été définie à l’aide de l’indice de l’étude sur la santé cardiovasculaire, et les participants ayant des scores ≥ 3 ont été considérés comme fragiles. Les diététistes qualifiés ont obtenu deux rappels alimentaires non consécutifs de 24 heures au printemps et à l'automne au départ. La prévalence de la fragilité était de 13,5 %. La consommation de poisson (OR 0,47 ; IC à 95 % 0,24-0,91 ; p pour tendance = 0,028) et de fruits de mer totaux (OR 0,34 ; IC à 95 % 0,18-0,68 ; p pour tendance = 0,002) au départ était associée à la fragilité à 4- suivi d'un an après ajustement pour les facteurs de confusion. La consommation de poisson et de fruits de mer au départ était associée négativement à la prévalence de l'épuisement, de la faible force de préhension et de la lenteur de la démarche après 4 ans de suivi. Cependant, la consommation de crustacés n’était pas associée à la fragilité. De plus, la consommation de poisson, de crustacés et de fruits de mer au total ne différait pas entre les groupes de transition de fragilité en termes de détérioration, de persistance et d'inversion. La consommation totale de fruits de mer, en particulier de poisson, pourrait être bénéfique pour prévenir la fragilité chez les personnes âgées vivant dans la communauté coréenne. En particulier, la consommation de poisson (total des fruits de mer) au départ pourrait être bénéfique pour prévenir l'épuisement, la faible force de préhension et la vitesse de marche lente lors d'un suivi de 4 ans.




Moradell et coll. (27) ont rapporté que l’apport en AGPI n-3 s’est avéré significativement plus faible chez les adultes espagnols âgés fragiles (2,0 ± 0,2 g/jour) que chez les adultes espagnols âgés non fragiles (3,2 ± 0,3 g/jour). Auparavant, nous avons montré que les niveaux érythrocytaires d'AGPI n-3, tels que l'EPA et le DHA, étaient inversement associés à la probabilité de fragilité chez les adultes coréens plus âgés atteints de KFACS (22). Dans l'analyse secondaire de l'étude Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT), les taux érythrocytaires d'EPA et de DHA étaient plus faibles chez les adultes français âgés fragiles que chez les adultes français âgés non fragiles présentant des troubles de la mémoire spontanée, des limitations dans une activité instrumentale de la vie quotidienne, soit  < 0,8. vitesse de marche en m/s à la ligne de base (28). Cependant, dans l'étude MAPT, les taux érythrocytaires d'EPA et de DHA n'étaient pas associés de manière significative à l'incidence de la fragilité au cours du suivi de 5 ans, puisque 50 % des participants recevaient 1 g/jour d'EPA et de DHA au cours de la première période de suivi. 3 ans (28).

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Exploring the role of polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios in modulating neuroinflammation in LPS-induced microglia: A comprehensive in vitro analysis
H. Dere Yelken Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators Volume 168, October 2023, 106739

The study investigated the effect of different omega (ω)− 3 and omega (ω)− 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on cytokine secretion, cell viability, and microglial cell shape in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia. The addition of PUFAs at different ratios, especially ω-3 and ratios of 7/1 and 2/1 ω-6/ω-3, resulted in a significant increase in the ameboid form of microglial cells, as well as more branching of their distal branches. Microglial cells were treated with varying ratios of PUFAs, and their cytokine secretion was measured.

The results showed that all PUFA ratios had lower tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion than the control group, higher interleukin (IL)− 4 secretion in the ω-6 group, and less IL-10 secretion most down IL-6 secretion in the 7/1 ratio group.

The study suggests that determining the appropriate ω-6/ω-3 consumption ratio, especially the 7/1 and 2/1 ratios, may help manage neuroinflammation, develop dietary models in immune-mediated neurodegenerative diseases, and open up new treatment possibilities.

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Traduction de l'étude

Explorer le rôle des ratios d'acides gras polyinsaturés dans la modulation de la neuroinflammation dans les microglies induites par le LPS : une analyse in vitro complète
H. Dere Yelken Prostaglandines et autres médiateurs lipidiques Volume 168, octobre 2023, 106739

L’étude a examiné l’effet de différents ratios d’acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI) oméga (ω)− 3 et oméga (ω)− 6 sur la sécrétion de cytokines, la viabilité cellulaire et la forme des cellules microgliales dans la microglie induite par les lipopolysaccharides (LPS). L'ajout d'AGPI à différents ratios, notamment ω-3 et des ratios de 7/1 et 2/1 ω-6/ω-3, a entraîné une augmentation significative de la forme amiboïde des cellules microgliales, ainsi qu'une plus grande ramification de leurs cellules. branches distales. Les cellules microgliales ont été traitées avec différents ratios d'AGPI et leur sécrétion de cytokines a été mesurée.

Les résultats ont montré que tous les ratios d'AGPI présentaient une sécrétion de facteur de nécrose tumorale (TNF) -α inférieure à celle du groupe témoin, une sécrétion d'interleukine (IL) − 4 plus élevée dans le groupe ω-6 et une sécrétion d'IL-10 inférieure à celle d'IL-6. dans le groupe ratio 7/1.

L'étude suggère que la détermination du ratio de consommation ω-6/ω-3 approprié, en particulier les ratios 7/1 et 2/1, pourrait aider à gérer la neuroinflammation, à développer des modèles alimentaires dans les maladies neurodégénératives à médiation immunitaire et à ouvrir de nouvelles possibilités de traitement.

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Does fish oil supplementation increase cholesterol efflux capacity in familial hypercholesterolaemia?
Dick C. Chan European Journal of Clinical Investigation 29 June 2023

1 INTRODUCTION
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a dominantly inherited disorder principally due to mutations in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor pathway that causes markedly elevated plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration and premature coronary heart disease (CHD).1 In addition to elevated LDL-cholesterol levels, there is evidence that alterations in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) may also contribute to accelerating atherosclerosis in FH.2

Excess cholesterol in macrophages is eliminated via the process of RCT in which cholesterol from peripheral tissues is transported to the liver for biliary excretion.3 Cholesterol efflux from macrophages, the first step of RCT, plays a major role in anti-atherogenesis. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is an ex vivo measure of plasma acceptors to accept cholesterol released from cells through different receptor-mediated pathways, such as ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ABCG1 and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI).3, 4 Recent observational studies and meta-analysis suggest that the capacity of plasma to effect cholesterol efflux is inversely related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including the levels of LDL-cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol.5

Fish oils are a rich source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid (ω-3FAs), primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).6 Both EPA and DHA may reduce the risk of ASCVD through various mechanisms, including triglyceride lowering, membrane stabilization and antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory or antiarrhythmic properties. These favourable vascular effects of ω-3FAs may contribute to improved cardiovascular outcomes, as demonstrated in large intervention trials.7 Whether ω-3FA intervention promotes the RCT process in FH is unclear.

We have previously reported that a high-dose of ω-3FAs improved triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism in FH patients receiving standard treatment for lowering LDL-cholesterol.8 In the present study, we opportunistically explored the effects of high dose ω-3FAs on ex vivo CEC in these patients.

5 CONCLUSION
If untreated, FH confers an extremely high risk of premature CAD.1 Although the dose of ω-3FA employed in the present study can significantly and effectively lower in plasma triglyceride and blood pressure.8 Our data suggest that ω-3FAs do not improve the capacity of plasma to efflux cholesterol from peripheral cells in the initial stage of RCT. Whether ω-3FAs improve RCT in the latter stages by promoting hepatobiliary cholesterol excretion merits further investigation by detailed HDL kinetic and cholesterol balance studies. Future studies should also examine the additive effects of HDL-raising agents, such as fibrates, to ω-3FAs and their effects on cellular cholesterol efflux.